Deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing, thoroughly removes plaque, tartar, and bacteria from above and below the gumline. This procedure targets tooth root surfaces, aiming to reduce inflammation and allow gum tissues to heal and reattach. While highly effective for gum disease, some initial bleeding and discomfort are common afterward. Understanding why bleeding might persist beyond this initial period is important for addressing ongoing gum health concerns.
The Healing Process After Deep Cleaning
Deep cleaning involves two main steps: scaling, which removes hardened plaque and tartar from tooth surfaces, and root planing, which smooths tooth roots to prevent bacteria re-adherence. This comprehensive removal of irritants aims to reverse gum inflammation and allow gums to return to a healthy state. Immediately following the procedure, mild bleeding is expected for 24 to 48 hours as gums recover. This initial bleeding is a normal part of the body’s inflammatory response and the beginning of the healing process. While discomfort typically subsides within a few days, complete healing of gum tissues and their reattachment can take several weeks, sometimes up to four to six weeks.
Reasons for Persistent Gum Bleeding
If gums continue to bleed beyond the expected initial healing period, several factors could contribute.
Incomplete Healing or Residual Inflammation
This is common if gum disease was severe. In very deep or complex gum pockets, removing all calculus and bacteria in a single session can be challenging, leading to lingering inflammation. Tooth anatomy, such as root concavities, can also make complete removal difficult, allowing bacteria to persist.
Inadequate Oral Hygiene
Inadequate oral hygiene after the procedure is a common cause for continued bleeding. Consistent and proper brushing and flossing are essential to prevent plaque from rebuilding and re-inflaming the gums. Neglecting these home care practices can undermine the benefits of the deep cleaning.
Systemic Factors
Underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or blood disorders, can impair the body’s ability to heal effectively and increase bleeding tendencies. Certain medications, including blood thinners like warfarin, some blood pressure medications (calcium channel blockers), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and some antidepressants, can also contribute to gum bleeding or affect healing. Smoking significantly impedes healing by reducing blood flow to the gums, suppressing the immune system, and promoting plaque accumulation, leading to prolonged inflammation and bleeding.
When to Contact Your Dentist
While some initial bleeding is normal, specific signs indicate you should contact your dentist.
Gum bleeding persists longer than three to five days, or up to a week, after your deep cleaning.
Heavy, uncontrollable bleeding occurs.
Bleeding is accompanied by significant pain, swelling, or pus.
You develop a fever or chills.
Bleeding worsens or new, unusual symptoms appear in your mouth.
Supporting Gum Health Post-Procedure
To promote healing and maintain gum health after a deep cleaning, consistent and diligent home care is paramount.
Brush gently but thoroughly twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush.
Floss daily to prevent plaque buildup and allow gums to heal.
Your dentist may recommend interdental brushes or an antimicrobial rinse, such as chlorhexidine, to control bacteria and reduce inflammation. These rinses should only be used under professional guidance.
A balanced diet also contributes to gum health and healing. Incorporate foods rich in vitamins, particularly vitamin C and B12, and omega-3 fatty acids, to support tissue repair and reduce inflammation. Temporarily avoid hard, sticky, spicy, or acidic foods that could irritate sensitive gums during the initial recovery period. Avoiding irritants like tobacco products and limiting alcohol consumption are also crucial, as both can hinder the healing process and contribute to gum disease. Attending all scheduled follow-up appointments with your dental team is important for monitoring healing progress and ensuring the long-term success of your deep cleaning.