When gum tissue appears to shed or come away, it can be concerning. This phenomenon, often called “gums peeling,” indicates the outermost layer of gum tissue is detaching. Understanding this symptom and how to address it is important for oral health.
What “Gums Peeling” Looks Like
When gum tissue peels, individuals may observe thin, white, or translucent pieces of tissue detaching from the gums. This sloughing tissue can appear stringy or shredded, often accumulating along the gumline or within the cheek and lip areas. The affected gum tissue underneath may look redder than usual, appearing inflamed or tender to the touch.
Some people might also notice a raw or sensitive sensation in the areas where the peeling occurs. This discomfort can be mild or more pronounced, especially when eating or brushing. The peeling might be localized to a small area or affect broader regions of the gums, depending on the underlying cause. Observing these specific visual and sensory cues helps in recognizing this particular oral symptom.
Reasons Behind Peeling Gums
Several factors can lead to the outer layer of gum tissue detaching, ranging from common irritants to underlying health conditions. Oral hygiene products frequently contribute to gum peeling, particularly toothpastes containing harsh detergents like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or mouthwashes with high alcohol content or strong antiseptics. These ingredients can irritate and dry out the delicate gum lining, causing it to slough off over time.
Allergic reactions are another cause, where the body’s immune system reacts to certain substances. This can include ingredients in dental products, specific foods, or even dental materials like fillings or bonding agents. The allergic response can manifest as inflammation and peeling of the gum tissue, often accompanied by redness and itching. Avoiding the allergen is key for resolution.
Certain oral conditions are also associated with desquamative gingivitis. Autoimmune diseases like oral lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and pemphigus vulgaris can cause the outer gum layers to blister and peel. Fungal infections, such as oral candidiasis, can also lead to superficial peeling, often presenting with white patches that reveal reddened tissue underneath when wiped away. Bacterial infections can similarly inflame gums, leading to tissue breakdown and sloughing.
Medications can induce changes in oral tissues, including peeling. Certain drugs may reduce saliva flow, leading to dryness that makes gums susceptible to irritation and peeling. Physical trauma to the gums can also cause localized peeling. This can result from aggressive brushing, ill-fitting dental appliances, or accidental injury from sharp food.
Steps to Take and When to See a Dentist
Addressing peeling gums often begins with simple modifications to your daily oral care routine. Switching to an SLS-free toothpaste and using an alcohol-free mouthwash can reduce irritation and allow healing. Brushing gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush and maintaining hydration can also support gum health.
Seek professional dental evaluation if gum peeling persists, worsens, or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Persistent pain, bleeding gums, the spread of symptoms to other areas of the mouth, or a lack of improvement after trying home care adjustments warrant a visit to a dentist. These signs may indicate a more serious underlying issue.
During a dental visit, the dentist will conduct a thorough examination of your oral cavity and review your medical history, including any medications you are taking. They may ask about your oral hygiene routine and any new products you have introduced. In some cases, a small tissue sample, known as a biopsy, may be taken for microscopic analysis to diagnose conditions like autoimmune diseases or infections.
Treatment approaches for peeling gums are tailored to the identified underlying cause. If a product sensitivity is suspected, discontinuing its use may resolve the issue. For infections, antifungal or antibacterial medications might be prescribed. Autoimmune conditions often require management with topical or systemic medications to control the immune response. Regular dental check-ups are also important for ongoing monitoring and prevention.