Losing eyelashes, medically termed madarosis, signals a disruption in the normal hair cycle. While finding a lost lash is natural, rapid or noticeable thinning often points to an underlying issue. Madarosis can be caused by internal health conditions or external daily habits. This article explores the reasons behind madarosis and provides guidance on effective solutions.
How Eyelashes Grow and Fall Out
Eyelashes follow a distinct, three-phase growth cycle that dictates when they shed. The Anagen phase is the active growth period, lasting approximately 30 to 45 days. Next, the Catagen phase is a short transitional period of two to three weeks where the hair follicle shrinks and growth ceases. Finally, the Telogen phase is the resting period, where the mature lash rests for around 100 days before naturally shedding. Losing one to five lashes daily is normal and reflects this natural cycle.
Systemic Causes of Eyelash Loss
Systemic medical causes are often responsible when lash loss occurs across both eyes, especially if accompanied by thinning hair elsewhere. Autoimmune diseases, such as alopecia areata, cause the immune system to attack healthy hair follicles, leading to sudden hair loss in the lashes, eyebrows, or scalp. Conditions like lupus can also trigger inflammation that damages the follicles. Disruptions in hormone regulation, particularly thyroid issues, are common internal factors. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism interfere with the hair growth cycle, resulting in brittle, thinning lashes. Nutritional deficiencies also impact lash health. A lack of protein, iron, or biotin can weaken the lashes and cause premature breakage. Certain medications, including chemotherapy drugs, some anticoagulants, and specific antidepressants, are known to cause hair loss as a side effect.
Local and Environmental Triggers
Many instances of madarosis result from localized trauma or environmental factors affecting the eyelids rather than internal illness. Chronic inflammation of the eyelids, known as blepharitis, is a frequent cause. Blepharitis results from clogged oil glands near the lash line, which weakens the lash follicles and leads to shedding. Cosmetic practices often contribute to lash loss through chemical exposure or physical stress. The application and removal of eyelash extensions can cause traction alopecia, where the weight pulls on natural lashes, or trigger allergic reactions to the adhesive. Using harsh or expired eye makeup, especially waterproof mascara requiring aggressive rubbing, can physically damage the lash shaft and follicle. Habitual eye rubbing, often due to allergies or conditions like trichotillomania, further compromises the lashes and causes breakage.
Solutions and Preventative Care
Addressing lash loss requires identifying and treating the root cause, often necessitating a healthcare consultation. If a systemic issue, such as a thyroid disorder or nutritional deficiency, is suspected, treating that underlying condition promotes natural lash regrowth. For localized issues like blepharitis, treatment involves medicated lid scrubs and warm compresses to clear clogged oil glands and reduce inflammation. Prescription treatments like bimatoprost are available to enhance growth by extending the Anagen phase, resulting in longer, thicker lashes. Lifestyle adjustments are effective preventative measures. These include switching to a gentle, oil-free makeup remover, avoiding harsh rubbing, taking breaks from eyelash extensions, and ensuring a balanced diet rich in protein, biotin, and iron.