Small bumps on the areola are common and a normal part of breast anatomy. While they can sometimes be a source of concern, understanding their nature provides reassurance. This article explores the common characteristics and functions of these areolar bumps.
Understanding Normal Areolar Bumps
The small, raised bumps on the areola are known as Montgomery glands or Montgomery tubercles. These are specialized sebaceous (oil-producing) glands located around the nipple. They can appear as skin-colored, or slightly lighter or darker bumps. The number of these glands varies widely among individuals.
The primary function of Montgomery glands is to produce an oily, protective substance called sebum. This secretion helps to lubricate the nipple and areola, preventing dryness and cracking. Sebum also contains antibacterial properties, offering protection against infection. Beyond lubrication and protection, these glands may also emit a subtle scent that can help guide a newborn to the nipple during breastfeeding.
Factors Influencing Prominence
While Montgomery glands are always present, their visibility can fluctuate due to various factors, particularly hormonal changes. They may become more noticeable during periods of increased hormonal activity, including puberty.
The menstrual cycle also influences their prominence. Many individuals notice their Montgomery glands become more apparent around ovulation or in the days leading up to menstruation, as hormone levels shift. Pregnancy is another common time for these glands to enlarge and become more visible. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the glands naturally become more active, secreting more oil to prepare the nipple for lactation and to protect it.
When Bumps Might Indicate a Problem
While most areolar bumps are normal Montgomery glands, certain signs and symptoms suggest an underlying issue that warrants medical attention. Significant pain, redness, swelling, or warmth around the bumps are indicators of a potential problem. The presence of pus discharge from a bump is also a concerning symptom.
Changes in the size or shape of the areola or nipple can also be a cause for concern. This includes new lumps or masses that feel distinct from typical Montgomery glands, especially if they are hard, irregular in shape, or do not move easily. Skin changes such as dimpling, puckering, scaling, or a persistent rash on the areola or nipple area should also be evaluated. These signs could indicate conditions such as infection, cysts, or other breast conditions.
Self-Care and When to Seek Medical Advice
For normal Montgomery glands, self-care involves gentle hygiene. Avoid squeezing or attempting to pop these bumps, as this can lead to irritation, inflammation, or infection. Washing the breast area with warm water and avoiding harsh soaps helps maintain the natural protective barrier produced by these glands.
Consulting a healthcare professional is important if any concerning changes are observed. This includes persistent pain, tenderness, or swelling of the bumps. Any unusual discharge, particularly if bloody or containing pus, should prompt an immediate medical evaluation. Additionally, if you notice new lumps, changes in breast or nipple shape, skin dimpling, or a persistent rash, seeking medical advice is recommended.