The English idiom “wild as a March hare” describes behavior that is highly excitable, unpredictable, or even erratic. This phrase draws a vivid comparison to the observed actions of hares during a specific time of year. While the precise origins might be debated, the core idea relates to a period when these animals exhibit unusual and energetic displays.
Understanding the Idiom
The idiom “wild as a March hare” signifies an individual or situation that is extremely excitable, unpredictable, or even slightly deranged. It paints a picture of someone acting without much reason or restraint, similar to a creature seemingly overcome by a sudden burst of energy or confusion. For instance, one might describe a child bouncing off the walls after too much sugar as “wild as a March hare,” or a person making impulsive, illogical decisions. The phrase conveys a sense of unbridled, almost chaotic energy or a departure from typical, calm behavior.
The Science Behind March Hares
The association of hares with “wild” behavior in March stems from the biology of the European hare (Lepus europaeus). March is often the peak of their breeding season in temperate regions. During this time, these normally solitary and nocturnal hares become more active during daylight, exhibiting behaviors linked to mating.
One characteristic behavior is “boxing,” where hares strike each other with their forepaws. This is typically a female fending off an overly persistent male, indicating she is not ready to mate or testing his determination. Males also chase females across fields, sometimes leaping vertically for no apparent reason, contributing to their erratic reputation. These heightened activities, driven by hormonal changes and competition for mates, lead to the perception of hares acting “mad” or “wild” in March. While their breeding season extends from January to August, March is particularly noted for these striking displays.
The Phrase’s Historical Journey
The observation of hares’ peculiar behavior in March directly inspired the idiom “wild as a March hare.” This phrase has a long history in English, predating its popularization in classic literature. An early documented use appears around 1500 in the poem Blowbol’s Test, stating, “Thanne þey begyn to swere and to stare, And be as braynles as a Marshe hare.”
Further attestations appear in the 16th century, including works by John Skelton in 1528 and 1529, using variations like “madde Marche Hare” and “mery as a marche hare.” While continuously used since the 1500s, the phrase gained significant recognition through Lewis Carroll’s 1865 book, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The March Hare character in Carroll’s work, depicted as eccentric and unpredictable, helped solidify the idiom’s place in popular culture.