An intravenous (IV) infusion delivers fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into the bloodstream through a small tube inserted into a vein. Many people report feeling cold during an IV infusion, which is a common and often normal physiological response.
Why You Might Feel Cold During an IV
Coldness during an IV infusion typically arises from the temperature difference between the IV fluid and the body. IV fluids are commonly stored at room temperature (20-25°C / 68-77°F), while the human body maintains a core temperature of about 37°C (98.6°F). When cooler fluid enters the bloodstream, it can cause a localized or generalized cooling effect.
The body’s natural thermoregulatory system, controlled by the hypothalamus, responds to this temperature change. As cooler fluid enters the veins, the body may initiate vasoconstriction, a process where blood vessels narrow. This narrowing primarily occurs in peripheral areas, like the skin, to reduce heat loss and redirect warmer blood toward the body’s core, which can make a person feel colder.
Individual sensitivity also plays a role. Some people are more prone to feeling cold due to their unique physiological responses, making the minor temperature drop from an IV infusion more pronounced. Even a slight reduction in core temperature, around 1°C (1.8°F), can trigger a thermoregulatory response.
Managing the Cold Sensation
Communicating coldness during an IV is important. Informing healthcare providers allows them to assess the situation and implement comfort measures. This open communication ensures discomfort is addressed promptly.
Healthcare staff often provide warm blankets, heated in special warming cabinets or through convective warming systems, to alleviate coldness. External warmth counteracts the IV fluid’s cooling effect and promotes a more comfortable experience.
Warm beverages might be offered if medically appropriate. Consuming a warm drink can help raise the body’s internal temperature, contributing to overall warmth. Adjusting the room’s thermostat, if feasible, can also create a more comfortable environment.
For specific medical conditions or large volume infusions, healthcare facilities may use specialized fluid warming devices. These devices warm IV fluids to an optimal temperature range, typically 37-38°C (98.6-100.4°F), before they are administered, helping to prevent hypothermia and enhance patient comfort. While not standard for every routine IV, these warmers are particularly beneficial in critical care, surgery, or when rapid fluid administration is necessary.
When Coldness Might Signal a Concern
While coldness during an IV infusion is often a normal reaction, it can signal a more serious concern when accompanied by other symptoms. It is important to distinguish between benign coldness and symptoms that warrant prompt reporting to healthcare staff.
An infection at the IV site is one concern. Signs that might accompany coldness or chills and indicate an infection include fever, increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness at the insertion site. Pus or fluid draining from the site, or reddish streaks extending from the area, are also indicators of a potential infection.
An allergic reaction to the infused medication or fluid is another possibility. Beyond coldness or chills, symptoms might include a rash, itching, hives, or facial flushing. More severe signs include difficulty breathing, wheezing, throat or tongue swelling, a sudden drop in blood pressure, or extreme dizziness.
Fluid overload can also occur with IV infusions, particularly if too much fluid is given too quickly. Symptoms include rapid weight gain, noticeable swelling (edema) in the arms, legs, or abdomen, and shortness of breath. Any extreme discomfort, chest pain, or sudden, unexplained changes should always be reported immediately to medical personnel.