A cough after surgery is a frequent occurrence for many patients. While it can be unsettling, this experience is often a temporary and expected side effect of the surgical process and the use of anesthesia. Understanding why it happens can help manage concerns during recovery.
Underlying Reasons for Coughing
Irritation from a breathing tube causing temporary airway irritation during intubation is a common reason for post-surgical cough. Anesthesia also affects respiratory reflexes, initially suppressing them, then prompting the body to clear accumulated secretions.
Changes in lung function, like atelectasis (partial lung collapse), also contribute. This occurs when shallow breathing due to pain or immobility leads to mucus buildup. Post-nasal drip may trigger a persistent cough. Additionally, some pain medications may affect respiratory function or promote fluid retention. Acid reflux (GERD) can also be exacerbated by surgery, leading to throat irritation and coughing.
Signs Requiring Medical Consultation
While a post-surgical cough is often benign, certain signs require prompt medical evaluation. These include fever, which could signal an infection. Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, along with a rapid heart or breathing rate, are also concerning symptoms.
Coughing up blood or discolored phlegm, particularly if thick, greenish-yellow, or pink-tinged, warrants immediate medical attention. A cough that worsens, causes significant chest pain, or is accompanied by severe pain preventing incision bracing, also signals a need for consultation. These symptoms could indicate serious complications like pneumonia or a blood clot in the lungs.
Approaches to Relieve Post-Surgical Cough
Staying well-hydrated helps manage a post-surgical cough. Fluids thin mucus in the lungs and keep the throat moist, making coughing more comfortable and effective. Drinking plenty of water, herbal teas, or broths supports this process.
Deep breathing and coughing exercises clear the lungs and prevent complications like pneumonia. When coughing, use a pillow or hands to support the surgical incision to reduce pain and stress. Maintaining an upright posture, such as sitting up, also facilitates lung expansion and easier breathing.
Avoiding irritants like smoke, strong perfumes, or dust reduces airway sensitivity and prevents exacerbating the cough. A humidifier adds moisture to the air, helping thin and loosen mucus, relieving a dry, irritating cough. Effective pain management ensures comfort for breathing and coughing exercises. Over-the-counter cough suppressants or expectorants should only be used after consulting a doctor, as some medications might not be suitable post-surgery.