A fever is an elevated body temperature, typically considered 100.4°F (38°C) or higher when measured orally. It signifies that the body is reacting to an internal process, often an illness or infection. Feeling tired is a very common experience when the body is undergoing this temperature elevation.
The Connection Between Fever and Tiredness
Tiredness during a fever is a direct result of the body’s active immune response to an invading pathogen or other stressor. When the immune system detects a threat, it releases signaling proteins called cytokines, such as interleukins and interferons. These cytokines play a role in coordinating the immune response and also act on the brain.
The presence of these cytokines can lead to fatigue, muscle aches, and a general sense of malaise. This systemic response is a deliberate physiological strategy to conserve energy, allowing the body to dedicate more resources to fighting the illness. Essentially, the body encourages rest to prioritize immune function, making tiredness a symptom of the body’s defense mechanisms at work rather than a direct consequence of the elevated temperature itself.
Common Causes of Fever and Tiredness
Fevers accompanied by tiredness often point to the body’s immune system actively fighting an infection or inflammation. Viral infections are a frequent cause, ranging from common ailments like the flu, common cold, or COVID-19, to more severe viral illnesses. These infections trigger the body’s defenses, leading to both elevated temperature and a sensation of fatigue.
Bacterial infections, such as strep throat, pneumonia, or urinary tract infections, can also present with both fever and significant tiredness. Beyond infections, certain inflammatory conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis, might also cause persistent fevers and associated fatigue as part of their systemic impact. Even some medications or vaccinations can induce a temporary fever and tiredness as the immune system reacts.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most fevers resolve on their own, certain signs indicate when medical attention is necessary. For adults, a fever of 103°F (39.4°C) or higher warrants a call to a healthcare provider. It is also important to seek medical advice if a fever lasts more than a few days, regardless of the temperature.
Accompanying symptoms that require immediate medical evaluation include a severe headache, a rash, unusual sensitivity to light, or a stiff neck. Confusion, altered speech, persistent vomiting, difficulty breathing, or chest pain are also serious indicators. For specific populations, such as infants, the elderly, or individuals with compromised immune systems, even a lower fever can be a cause for concern and should prompt a medical consultation.
Managing Symptoms at Home
When experiencing a fever and tiredness, several home care strategies can help manage discomfort. Adequate rest is important, as it allows the body to conserve energy and focus on recovery. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids is important to prevent dehydration, which can worsen symptoms.
Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and alleviate body aches, improving overall comfort. Applying a cool, wet washcloth to the forehead or neck can also offer some relief. These measures aim to support the body’s natural healing process.