A stye is a common, generally benign red bump on the edge of the eyelid, often resembling a small pimple or boil. It typically arises from a bacterial infection, most frequently Staphylococcus aureus, affecting a tiny oil-producing gland or hair follicle. While uncomfortable, many styes resolve on their own.
When to Seek Professional Care
While many styes clear up with home care, certain signs indicate professional medical attention is appropriate. Consult a healthcare provider if a stye worsens, doesn’t improve after two to three days of consistent home treatment, or persists for more than one to two weeks. Seek prompt evaluation for significant pain, swelling extending beyond the eyelid, blistering, vision changes, light sensitivity, or the sensation of something in the eye. The presence of pus or blood, a fever, or recurrent styes also warrants professional assessment to rule out serious underlying conditions or receive targeted treatment.
Types of Healthcare Providers
Several types of healthcare professionals can diagnose and treat styes, depending on severity. A primary care provider (PCP) is often the first point of contact, diagnosing and managing most straightforward cases. They offer initial guidance on home care and may prescribe antibiotic ointments or drops if needed. If the stye is severe or doesn’t respond to initial treatment, your PCP may refer you to an eye care specialist.
Optometrists are eye health experts who can diagnose and treat styes. They examine the eye and recommend appropriate treatment, ranging from home remedies to prescription medications, including antibiotics for persistent cases. Optometrists may also perform minor in-office procedures, such as draining a stye, if necessary.
For severe or recurrent styes, an ophthalmologist is the appropriate specialist. An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor specializing in eye and vision care, providing comprehensive medical and surgical treatment. They can prescribe stronger antibiotics, administer steroid injections to reduce swelling, or perform surgical drainage, especially if large, painful, or persistent. For recurring styes, an ophthalmologist might also perform a biopsy to investigate underlying medical conditions.
Effective Home Management
For most styes, simple home care promotes healing. Applying warm compresses is the most effective home remedy, as heat helps bring pus to the surface and encourages drainage. A clean washcloth soaked in warm (not hot) water should be applied to the closed eyelid for 5 to 15 minutes, repeated three to six times daily. Re-wetting the cloth frequently maintains warmth.
Maintaining good eyelid hygiene is crucial for managing styes and preventing recurrence. Gently cleaning the affected eyelid with mild soap, such as diluted baby shampoo, helps remove debris and bacteria. Avoid squeezing or attempting to pop the stye, as this can spread infection or cause complications. Refrain from wearing eye makeup and contact lenses until the stye has fully healed to prevent irritation and contamination.