A hernia occurs when an internal part of the body, such as an organ or tissue, pushes through a weak spot or opening in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue wall. This can result in a noticeable bulge or lump, often in the abdomen or groin area. Hernias will not heal on their own and require medical attention. It is important to seek professional medical advice rather than attempting to self-diagnose or ignore symptoms.
Your Initial Medical Consultation
When you first suspect you have a hernia, your primary care physician (PCP) is usually the first medical professional to consult. They can assess your symptoms, review your medical history, and perform a physical examination to determine if a hernia is present. During this initial appointment, your doctor will likely ask about the location and nature of any pain or discomfort, and whether a bulge appears or disappears with certain activities like coughing or straining. If a hernia is suspected or confirmed, your PCP will then refer you to a specialist for further assessment and potential treatment.
The Role of a Surgeon
For the definitive diagnosis and treatment of most hernias, a general surgeon is the primary specialist you will see. General surgeons possess extensive training in various surgical procedures, including those involving the abdomen. They are skilled in evaluating the specific characteristics of a hernia, confirming its diagnosis, and determining the most suitable course of action. Their expertise encompasses a wide range of hernia types and repair techniques.
A surgeon will discuss various treatment options, which most often involve surgical repair. This repair aims to push the bulging tissue back into its proper place and strengthen the weakened muscle wall. Surgical approaches can vary, with common methods including open surgery, which involves a larger incision, or laparoscopic surgery, a minimally invasive technique performed through small incisions using specialized instruments. The choice of technique depends on factors like the hernia’s size, location, your overall health, and the surgeon’s recommendation.
Some general surgeons further specialize, dedicating a significant portion of their practice to hernia repair and becoming what are sometimes referred to as “hernia specialists.” These specialists may handle complex or recurrent hernia cases, offering advanced repair techniques. Regardless, both experienced general surgeons and hernia specialists are well-prepared to perform the necessary procedures, guiding patients through the process from preoperative evaluation to postoperative recovery.
Urgent Care for Hernia Symptoms
While many hernias can be evaluated by a doctor on a routine basis, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. A hernia can become an emergency if the protruding tissue becomes trapped and its blood supply is cut off, a serious condition known as a strangulated hernia. This situation can lead to tissue damage and requires prompt intervention.
You should go to an emergency room or urgent care facility immediately if you experience sudden, severe pain at the hernia site. Other concerning symptoms include a bulge that becomes firm, tender, or cannot be pushed back in. Nausea, vomiting, fever, or difficulty having a bowel movement can also indicate a serious complication like strangulation or intestinal obstruction. Recognizing these symptoms and seeking emergency care without delay is important to prevent further complications.