Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) is a refractive procedure that corrects vision problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. This surgery uses precise laser technology to reshape the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, improving how light focuses onto the retina. Because LASIK alters the physical structure of the eye, it is a medical procedure legally restricted to a specific type of medical professional.
The Only Professional Who Performs LASIK
The only professional licensed to perform LASIK surgery is an ophthalmologist. An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor (M.D. or D.O.) who has completed extensive training in the medical and surgical care of the eyes and visual system. Their scope of practice ranges from routine eye exams and prescribing corrective lenses to treating complex eye diseases and performing surgery. This medical designation separates the ophthalmologist from other eye care providers like optometrists or opticians. The procedure requires the surgeon to create a corneal flap and use an excimer laser to ablate tissue, which is why only a physician with surgical privileges is authorized to execute the physical steps of LASIK.
Specialized Training and Certification Requirements
Becoming a LASIK surgeon requires many years of post-secondary education and clinical training. After four years of undergraduate education and four years of medical school, the aspiring surgeon completes a one-year general medical internship. This is followed by a specialized three- to four-year residency program focused entirely on ophthalmology.
During residency, the doctor gains comprehensive knowledge of eye anatomy, pathology, pharmacology, and surgical techniques, including refractive procedures. While residency provides foundational skills, many LASIK surgeons pursue additional training. This often involves a one- to two-year fellowship focused on cornea, external diseases, and refractive surgery.
Board Certification indicates a surgeon’s competence and commitment to standards. Certification by bodies like the American Board of Ophthalmology requires the physician to complete residency and pass both written and oral examinations. This process assures patients that the surgeon has met predetermined training and knowledge standards beyond basic state licensing requirements.
The Roles of Non-Surgical Eye Care Providers
While the ophthalmologist performs the surgery, the LASIK journey involves collaboration with other eye care professionals. Optometrists (O.D.) play a substantial role in the pre-operative and post-operative phases of care, often called co-management. They typically assess a patient’s suitability by conducting comprehensive eye exams and collecting diagnostic data.
The optometrist performs specific measurements, such as corneal topography and thickness, to determine candidacy and guide the surgeon’s customized treatment plan. They also counsel patients on expectations, risks, and necessary pre-operative steps, such as discontinuing contact lens wear.
Following surgery, the optometrist handles the recovery period, monitoring healing and managing common side effects like dry eye or glare. Follow-up appointments ensure the eye is stabilizing and the patient is achieving the expected visual outcome. Surgical technicians and nurses also assist the surgeon in the operating suite by preparing the patient and maintaining the sterile environment.