Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) is a widely performed refractive surgery that corrects vision problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. The procedure permanently reshapes the cornea to improve how light focuses onto the retina. While the overall process requires a coordinated team, the surgical act itself is reserved for one specific type of eye specialist.
The Role of the Ophthalmic Surgeon
The medical professional solely responsible for performing the LASIK procedure is the Ophthalmologist, who holds a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. An Ophthalmologist is a physician and surgeon who specializes in the medical and surgical care of the eyes and the visual system. Their training allows them to diagnose and treat all eye diseases, prescribe corrective lenses, and perform complex eye surgeries.
During the LASIK procedure, the Ophthalmologist uses a specialized instrument (a microkeratome or a femtosecond laser) to create a thin, hinged flap in the corneal tissue. After lifting this flap, the surgeon operates an excimer laser to precisely vaporize microscopic amounts of tissue, reshaping the underlying cornea. This reshaping corrects the refractive error. The surgeon then repositions the corneal flap, which adheres without the need for stitches.
It is important to distinguish the Ophthalmologist from an Optometrist. An Optometrist holds a Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) degree and provides primary vision care, including eye exams and prescribing corrective lenses. However, Optometrists are not medical doctors and are not legally permitted to perform eye surgery. Therefore, the Ophthalmologist is the only professional who can operate the laser and execute the surgical steps of LASIK.
Professionals Supporting Pre- and Post-Operative Care
While the Ophthalmologist executes the surgery, a team of non-surgical professionals manages the patient’s care before and after the procedure. Optometrists frequently play a primary role in the initial consultation and pre-operative screening process, which includes a comprehensive eye examination and determining patient candidacy. They verify the stability of the patient’s vision prescription, often requiring a consistent level for at least 12 months prior to surgery.
Ophthalmic Technicians and nurses assist by performing diagnostic tests, such as corneal topography. This mapping process uses advanced imaging to generate a precise three-dimensional contour of the cornea, providing the surgeon with the data necessary to program the excimer laser for a customized treatment plan. These team members also educate patients on the procedure and coordinate logistics.
Post-operative care often involves a collaborative approach known as co-management, where the Optometrist monitors the patient’s recovery in the weeks and months following the surgery. They check for signs of infection or complications and assess visual acuity. This shared responsibility ensures continuous, accessible care throughout the entire LASIK journey.
Essential Credentials and Training Requirements
The path to becoming a qualified LASIK surgeon involves extensive medical education and specialized training. After completing four years of undergraduate study and four years of medical school, the physician completes a one-year general internship. This is followed by a rigorous three to four-year residency program specifically in Ophthalmology, where they gain experience in surgical and medical eye care.
Many LASIK surgeons seek further specialization by completing a one- to two-year fellowship focusing on a subspecialty like corneal or refractive surgery. The surgeon should also achieve Board Certification, typically through the American Board of Ophthalmology, which requires passing comprehensive examinations and maintaining ongoing continuing education. The surgeon must also be certified to operate the specific laser technology used in the facility.
How to Select a Qualified LASIK Provider
Patients should take an active role in vetting their provider by inquiring about the surgeon’s specific experience with the procedure. An experienced surgeon will have performed thousands of LASIK procedures, which is a strong indicator of technical proficiency. It is advisable to verify the surgeon’s credentials, including their state medical license status and board certification, which can be checked through relevant state licensing boards.
The quality of the pre-operative screening process should also be a major point of focus. A provider who conducts a thorough examination, including checks for underlying conditions like thin corneas or severe dry eye, demonstrates a commitment to patient safety. Requesting testimonials or outcome data can provide insight into the surgeon’s success rates and patient satisfaction.