Smeagol, also known as Gollum, is a complex character in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. His story of transformation and obsession is intertwined with the One Ring’s fate. Known for his unique vocalizations, emaciated appearance, and internal struggle, he embodies the corrupting influence of power. He is a tragic figure, defined by a single, powerful artifact.
The Origins of Gollum
Before his transformation, Smeagol was a Stoorish Hobbit living near the Anduin River. His life changed during a fishing trip with his cousin, Deagol, who discovered a golden ring. Smeagol coveted the ring, demanding it. When Deagol refused, Smeagol murdered his cousin to claim it.
This act marked the beginning of his descent into corruption, as the Ring’s malevolent influence swiftly warped his mind and body. Repulsed by his demeanor and thieving, his family cast him out. Exiled, Smeagol retreated into the Misty Mountains, seeking refuge in deep caves. Over centuries, the Ring’s power twisted his form, elongating his limbs, shrinking his eyes, and eroding his memory of sunlight. He became known as Gollum, a name derived from the repulsive gurgling sound he made, a reminder of his lonely existence.
The Dual Personalities of Smeagol
Gollum’s long isolation with the One Ring led to a psychological schism, manifesting as two distinct personalities. The dominant persona, Gollum, is driven by an insatiable craving for “my precious,” exhibiting cunning, malice, and paranoia. This persona is a product of the Ring’s corrupting, malevolent influence.
The weaker personality, Smeagol, is an echo of the creature’s former self. This side occasionally surfaces, expressing memories of kindness, loyalty, or fear, struggling against Gollum’s will. This internal conflict is depicted as a dialogue between two voices, Gollum’s harsh whispers often overpowering Smeagol’s timid pleas. This highlights the psychological toll of the Ring’s prolonged possession.
This duality shapes Gollum’s actions, making him unpredictable and conflicted. Moments of cooperation or compassion from Smeagol are often undermined by Gollum’s cunning and treachery. This internal battle illustrates the grip the Ring held over his very being, preventing recovery or redemption.
Gollum’s Role in The Lord of the Rings
Gollum’s narrative arc in The Lord of the Rings is central to the quest to destroy the One Ring. After losing the Ring to Bilbo Baggins, Gollum spent centuries obsessively searching for it, driven by a desire to reclaim his “precious.” His pursuit eventually led him out of the Misty Mountains and into the wider world, where he was captured by Aragorn and later by Gandalf.
Gandalf interrogated Gollum, extracting information about the Ring’s nature and its connection to Sauron. Gollum was then held captive in Mirkwood by the Wood-elves but eventually escaped, continuing his solitary hunt. He later crossed paths with Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee as they journeyed through the Emyn Muil.
Frodo, showing compassion, tamed Gollum, who reluctantly agreed to guide them through the Dead Marshes and into Mordor. Gollum’s knowledge of the treacherous landscape proved invaluable. However, his loyalty remained fragile, wavering between serving Frodo and an urge to reclaim the Ring. He led them through dangerous territories like the Black Gate and Cirith Ungol.
Gollum’s most significant contribution occurred at the Crack of Doom, the chasm within Mount Doom where the Ring could be unmade. As Frodo succumbed to the Ring’s power and claimed it, Gollum launched a desperate attack. In the struggle, Gollum bit off Frodo’s finger, seizing the Ring. Overcome with joy, he danced on the precipice, lost his footing, and fell into the abyss with the Ring. This destroyed the Ring and ensured Sauron’s defeat.
Cultural Significance
Gollum has transcended his literary origins to become an iconic figure in popular culture, recognized even by those unfamiliar with Tolkien’s works. His distinctive appearance, raspy voice, and catchphrases like “My Precious!” cemented his place in the public consciousness. He is frequently parodied and referenced across various media, from television shows to video games.
Beyond his immediate recognition, Gollum serves as an archetype representing the destructive nature of addiction and obsessive desire. His character illustrates how unchecked longing can corrupt an individual, both physically and mentally. This portrayal resonates, making him a compelling symbol of the perils of unchecked ambition and the insidious power of temptation.