Sméagol, later known as Gollum, is a central figure in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-earth narratives. His story traces a path from a simple existence to a tormented obsession, inextricably bound to the One Ring’s corrupting influence. This transformation of his body and mind sets the stage for his pivotal role in the fate of Middle-earth.
The Origins of Sméagol
Before his infamous transformation, Sméagol was a Stoor Hobbit, part of a river-dwelling branch of Hobbits known for their affinity for water, fishing, and swimming. His early life was spent near the Gladden Fields, a region by the River Anduin.
In the year 2463 of the Third Age, a fateful fishing trip with his kinsman, Déagol, irrevocably altered Sméagol’s destiny. Déagol discovered a gleaming gold ring after being pulled into the river by a large fish.
Upon seeing the Ring, Sméagol’s possessive streak surfaced. He demanded it as a birthday gift, and when Déagol refused, Sméagol, consumed by greed, murdered his kinsman to claim the Ring. This act marked the beginning of his corruption, leading to his banishment due to erratic behavior. His family and friends, unnerved by his gurgling, choking noises, nicknamed him “Gollum.”
The Transformation to Gollum
Exiled, Sméagol retreated into the Misty Mountains for nearly 500 years. The One Ring’s malevolent influence warped his body and mind, sustaining him far beyond his natural lifespan while twisting his very being.
His physical appearance changed drastically: he became gaunt, emaciated, and pale, with large, luminous eyes. His hobbit-like features distorted, hair was lost, and movements became spider-like. The Ring also developed his distinctive speech, characterized by his guttural “gollum” sound and referring to himself as “my precious.” This isolation fractured his psyche, creating a split personality where Sméagol battled the cunning Gollum.
Sméagol’s Role in the Quest
Gollum’s isolation ended with Bilbo Baggins’ arrival. During a game of riddles, Bilbo acquired the One Ring from Gollum. The loss of his “precious” drove Gollum from his mountain, initiating a desperate, decades-long search.
Driven by obsession, he emerged into the wider world. In The Lord of the Rings, Gollum’s path intersected with Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee. After capture, Frodo’s kindness briefly awakened the Sméagol persona, leading him to guide the Hobbits to Mordor. He served as a reluctant, often treacherous, guide through lands like the Dead Marshes and secret paths.
Despite moments where Sméagol surfaced, the Gollum persona, fueled by the Ring, betrayed Frodo, leading him to Shelob’s lair. His pivotal act occurred at Mount Doom: in a struggle with Frodo, he bit off the Ring-bearer’s finger to reclaim his treasure. In triumph, Gollum lost his footing and fell into the chasm, inadvertently destroying the One Ring and himself.
The Duality of Sméagol and Gollum
Sméagol/Gollum is a study in internal conflict, showcasing his former self struggling against the Ring’s corruption. This psychological battle manifests through inner monologues, where the vulnerable Sméagol persona converses with the cunning Gollum. Sméagol’s original identity yearns for connection and shows glimpses of empathy, especially with Frodo’s compassion.
Conversely, the Gollum persona is defined by its singular obsession with the Ring, driving deceit and violence. This split personality highlights themes of addiction, as Gollum’s dependence on the Ring mirrors a destructive cycle. His tragic nature lies in being perpetually caught between who he was and the creature the Ring made him, illustrating the impact of unchecked desire.