Some tree species stand out for their vibrant red heartwood, the non-living core of the trunk. This internal coloration often creates a visual spectacle, sparking curiosity about its origins. Exploring these remarkable trees unveils a fascinating aspect of botanical diversity.
Trees Known for Red Interiors
Several tree species are known for their distinct red heartwood. Redheart, from Erythroxylum and Simira genera, is native to Southern Mexico, extending through Brazil and into Paraguay. Its freshly cut wood ranges from light orange-pink to deep watermelon red. This coloration often displays a more visible and figured grain pattern.
African Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii) is another prominent tree valued for its vibrant red wood. Found in the tropical forests of Central and West Africa, this wood initially appears as a bright reddish-orange. Over time, exposure to light typically causes the color to deepen into a reddish-purple or brownish-red.
Red Bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera) is an Australian species found along the eastern coast. Its heartwood ranges from dark pink to deep red or red-brown, often characterized by kino veins. This medium-sized hardwood tree has reddish-brown, scaly bark and tends to exude a red gum.
What Makes Wood Red
Red coloration in tree heartwood stems from specific biological and chemical processes. This color primarily originates from compounds known as extractives, which are secondary metabolites deposited within the older, non-living core of the tree. These extractives are distinct from primary structural components like cellulose and lignin.
Phenolic compounds, including tannins, lignans, and flavonoids, are significant contributors to these red, brown, or purplish hues. Tannins are polyphenolic biomolecules widely distributed in plants, playing a role in protection. Flavonoids also contribute to wood coloration and offer protective benefits.
These compounds are byproducts of the tree’s metabolic activities and often serve protective functions. They defend the wood against decay, fungal growth, and insect infestations. The specific concentration and types of these compounds determine the precise shade and intensity of the red color.
Common Uses of Red Wood
Red woods are highly sought after for various applications due to their striking aesthetics and inherent properties. Their vibrant hues contribute to their popularity in fine furniture, adding visual warmth and richness. These woods are also frequently used in decorative veneers, providing an attractive surface for interior elements.
Beyond their beauty, these woods often possess desirable characteristics such as durability and workability. Many are employed in musical instruments, such as guitars, where their density and resonance contribute to sound quality. Their natural resistance to decay and insects makes some red woods suitable for outdoor structures, flooring, and carving, adding longevity and artistic appeal.