Moles quickly make their presence known through unsightly soil mounds and raised tunnel ridges. These subsurface disruptions are a common nuisance, as moles are efficient excavators searching for earthworms. While various deterrents exist, mechanical trapping remains the most consistently effective method for controlling an active mole population. Understanding the differences between available trapping devices and the correct placement technique is necessary for successful removal.
Identifying Active Tunnels
A mole’s tunnel system consists of two main types of runs. Superficial feeding tunnels are the meandering, raised ridges just below the turf, which the mole may only use once. The deeper, straight-line tunnels are the main transit routes, often connecting feeding areas or leading back to the nest, and these are used repeatedly.
To identify an active transit run, gently flatten a small section of a promising tunnel by pressing it down with your foot. After 24 to 48 hours, check if the mole has re-excavated and raised the tunnel again. If the ridge is pushed back up, you have located a main runway and an ideal spot for trap placement. Traps should only be set in these frequently used, straight main runs, avoiding temporary feeding tunnels or the soil mounds themselves.
Detailed Comparison of Trap Mechanisms
Harpoon/Plunger Traps
The harpoon or plunger trap is one of the most widely available styles, recognized by its exposed, spring-loaded spikes. The mechanism is set above a collapsed portion of the tunnel, with the spikes resting above the soil until triggered. When the mole attempts to repair the disturbance by pushing up soil, it contacts a trigger plate, releasing a spring that drives the spears downward.
These traps are easy to set and are most effective in shallow surface runs and loose soil conditions. A disadvantage is the potential for the spears to miss the mole if the tunnel is deeper or the mole is not directly beneath the strike zone. Harpoon traps also leave the entire mechanism visible above ground.
Scissor Traps
Scissor traps, also known as pincer traps, are designed to be inserted directly into the mole’s run. The trap’s jaws are positioned to snap shut when triggered by the mole. The mechanism involves vertical or horizontal jaws held open by a sensitive trigger pan placed in the middle of the run. When the mole pushes against the trigger while traveling, the jaws close quickly.
This style is effective across various soil types, including heavier clay soils where harpoon traps may struggle. While slightly more difficult to set than a harpoon trap, the scissor mechanism provides a secure capture. The main trade-off is the need to excavate a small section of the tunnel to insert the trap, which requires careful sealing afterward.
Choker Loop Traps
Choker loop or wire traps utilize a mechanism consisting of a wire loop placed directly inside the tunnel. The trap is held open by a delicate trigger system which the mole contacts as it passes through the run. Upon contact, the wire loop is instantly tightened around the mole.
An advantage of this design is that the moving parts are concealed underground, making them a safer option around children and pets. Choker loops are non-directional, meaning they are equally effective regardless of the mole’s approach direction. The trap requires precise tunnel preparation, ensuring the loop is perfectly aligned to the mole’s path for the trigger to be engaged.
Setting the Trap for Success
Proper trap setting technique is often more determinative of success than the trap type itself. Begin by excavating a small, clean section of the active run, just large enough to accommodate the chosen trap. Minimizing soil disturbance is important, as moles are sensitive to changes in their environment.
The trap must be positioned firmly and centered directly in the mole’s path, ensuring a tight fit against the tunnel walls. For tunnel-insert traps, the base should be slightly below the natural floor of the runway. Moles can sense air currents and light, so any opening created during the setting process must be completely sealed.
Cover the excavated area to block out all light and drafts, which encourages the mole to return and attempt a repair. Wear clean gloves to avoid transferring human scent to the trap or soil. Check the trap at least once every 24 hours, and if no mole is caught after two days, relocate it to a different active run.