Staghorn ferns (genus Platycerium) are unique plants known for their dramatic, antler-like foliage. As epiphytes, they naturally grow on the surface of other plants, such as tree trunks, rather than rooting in the ground. This aerial growth habit is why they are frequently cultivated indoors by mounting them onto a backing, like a wooden plaque or cork bark, which mimics their native environment. Mounting allows the fern to display its natural form and ensures the proper drainage and air circulation necessary for survival.
Identifying Key Parts for Orientation
The correct mounting direction depends on understanding the staghorn fern’s two distinct types of fronds. The fertile, or foliage, fronds, are the long, green, forked structures that give the plant its “antler” appearance. These fronds emerge from the center, performing photosynthesis and reproduction, often bearing sporangia (spore-producing structures) on their undersides.
The sterile, or shield, fronds are flat, rounded, and plate-like. They grow tightly against the mounting surface, covering the root ball. They eventually turn brown and papery, forming a protective layer that helps the fern cling to the host surface and collect water and organic debris for nutrients.
Proper orientation requires placing the root ball and the shield fronds flush against the mounting board. The shield fronds must be positioned to overlap and completely cover the point of attachment. The antler fronds should be directed outward, naturally growing away from the mount, allowing them to hang or jut out freely.
Securing the Fern to the Mount
Securing the fern begins by preparing the root ball. Gently remove the fern from its container and loosen any excess soil, taking care not to damage the root system. Spread the roots slightly so the base of the plant sits flat against the mounting surface.
Place a thin layer of pre-soaked sphagnum moss on the mounting surface where the root ball will rest. This moss retains moisture for the roots while they acclimate and begin to attach. The root ball is then centered on the moss, ensuring the flat shield fronds face the mounting surface.
Secure the fern using a durable, water-resistant material like nylon string, fishing line, or thin wire. Tie one end of the line to a securing point on the back of the mount. Crisscross the line tightly over the root ball and moss, anchoring the fern firmly against the board. This wrapping is temporary until the fern’s own roots take hold.
Positioning and Maintenance
Once mounted, the staghorn fern requires specific environmental conditions to establish successfully. It thrives in bright, indirect or diffused light, mimicking the dappled sun beneath a tree canopy. Avoid direct, harsh sunlight, especially afternoon sun, as it can easily scorch the fertile fronds. A location near an east or north-facing window often provides the ideal light.
Temperature control is important, with a preferred range between 50 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit; the fern is sensitive to cold drafts. Due to its epiphytic nature, the watering method is unique: the entire mount and root ball should be soaked. Remove the mount from the wall and submerge the root ball in room-temperature water for 10 to 20 minutes until fully saturated.
After soaking, allow the mount to drip dry completely before being rehung to prevent rot and ensure proper aeration. Soaking frequency depends on the environment, ranging from weekly in warmer, drier conditions to every two or three weeks during cooler months. Maintaining high humidity through misting or a nearby humidifier is also beneficial.