Ravens and crows, black birds, are often confused due to their similar appearance. They belong to the same family, Corvidae, which includes jays and magpies. Despite resemblances, distinct characteristics differentiate them. Understanding these differences can help observers identify them more accurately in their natural habitats.
Comparing Their Stature
The primary distinction between ravens and crows is their overall size. Common ravens (Corvus corax) are noticeably larger than American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). A common raven typically measures between 22 and 27 inches (56-69 cm) in length, with an impressive wingspan ranging from 45.5 to 60 inches (116-153 cm). Their weight usually varies between 24.3 and 57.3 ounces (689-1625 grams), making them one of the heaviest passerine birds.
In contrast, the American crow is a more modest size, typically measuring about 16 to 21 inches (40-53 cm) long. Their wingspan is also smaller, ranging from approximately 33 to 39.4 inches (85-100 cm). American crows weigh between 11.2 and 21.9 ounces (316-620 grams), roughly half the weight of a common raven. This size difference is often compared to a red-tailed hawk (raven) and a pigeon (crow), providing a helpful visual reference.
Other Ways to Tell Them Apart
Beyond size, other features distinguish ravens from crows. Their beak is a notable indicator; ravens possess a heavier, more robust, and slightly curved beak, while crows have a more slender and straighter bill. Ravens also have shaggy feathers around their throat, a feature less pronounced in crows.
Tail shape in flight offers another clear visual clue. Ravens display a wedge-shaped or diamond-shaped tail, where the middle feathers are longer, creating a pointed appearance. Conversely, crows have a fan-shaped or squared-off tail with feathers of more uniform length. Their vocalizations also differ significantly. Ravens are known for a deeper, guttural croaking sound, often described as a “gronk” or “kraa,” while crows produce a higher-pitched, more familiar “caw” sound.
Flight patterns vary between them. Ravens often soar gracefully on air currents for extended periods, sometimes performing acrobatic maneuvers like barrel rolls. Crows, however, tend to flap their wings more consistently and directly, rarely soaring. Their social behaviors also diverge; ravens are typically observed alone or in pairs, whereas crows are more gregarious and frequently gather in larger groups known as “murders.”