The genus Aloe encompasses over 420 succulent plant species. For centuries, the clear gel found within the leaves of certain species has been utilized as a traditional topical remedy for minor skin ailments, earning it the common name “burn plant.” While “aloe vera” is often used generically, only one species is universally recognized for its superior dermatological benefits and widespread commercial use. Not all aloe is equally beneficial or safe for direct application to the skin.
The Premier Species for Topical Use
The species that stands out in the world of skin care is Aloe barbadensis Miller, commonly referred to as true Aloe vera. This plant is preferred in both home and commercial applications because of the unique composition of the clear gel found in its thick, fleshy leaves. The gel matrix is predominantly water but is rich in numerous bioactive compounds that contribute to its soothing and healing properties.
The gel is effective for topical use due to a high concentration of polysaccharides, including acemannan, which hydrate the skin and support tissue repair. The gel also contains vitamins A, C, and E, which function as antioxidants. The presence of salicylic acid and certain enzymes gives the gel mild anti-inflammatory properties, helping to calm irritated skin. This combination makes A. barbadensis Miller the standard for moisturizing, soothing, and accelerating the healing of minor abrasions and sunburns.
Recognizing Less Effective or Potentially Irritating Varieties
Consumers may encounter other Aloe species, such as Aloe ferox or Aloe arborescens, which are often grown as ornamental plants or used for other specific purposes. While these varieties contain active compounds, they are generally considered less suitable for direct, unprocessed topical application compared to A. barbadensis Miller. The primary difference lies in the concentration of aloin, a yellowish, bitter latex found just beneath the leaf’s outer rind.
Aloe ferox, for example, contains significantly higher levels of aloin, sometimes up to 20 times the amount found in A. barbadensis Miller. Aloin is a powerful anthraquinone glycoside traditionally used as a strong laxative when ingested. When applied topically, this high concentration can be irritating, potentially causing contact dermatitis or allergic reactions. The risk of skin irritation from aloin makes these other species poor alternatives for the topical application of raw gel.
Safe Application: Harvesting and Processing the Gel
To safely use the gel from a home-grown Aloe barbadensis Miller plant, the initial focus must be on careful harvesting and the removal of the irritating latex. Begin by selecting a mature, lower leaf that is thick and healthy, then use a sharp, clean knife to cut it close to the base. A clean cut minimizes damage to the remaining plant and ensures the leaf retains its structure for processing.
After cutting, the most important step is draining the yellow aloin from the leaf. Place the cut end of the leaf upright in a cup or container for a period of 10 to 15 minutes. The yellow sap will slowly seep out and collect, effectively separating the mild irritant from the clear gel. This draining process is necessary to reduce the chance of an adverse skin reaction from the aloin.
Once drained, the leaf is ready for processing. Before applying the fresh gel widely, test a small amount on an inconspicuous patch of skin to ensure no sensitivity or allergic reaction occurs.
- Lay the leaf flat and carefully slice off the spiky edges along both sides.
- Slice the leaf lengthwise to expose the clear, inner gel.
- Use a clean spoon to gently scrape out the clear gel into a separate bowl.
- Avoid scraping too close to the remaining rind or any lingering yellow residue.