Orthodontic elastics, often referred to as rubber bands, are a common component in many braces treatments. These small, stretchy bands are made from medical-grade materials, including latex or non-latex options. They work with braces to facilitate specific tooth movements, providing targeted force beyond what wires and brackets alone can offer.
The Role of Orthodontic Elastics
Orthodontic elastics apply additional pressure in specific directions to guide teeth and jaws into their correct positions. While braces primarily straighten teeth, these bands play a significant role in correcting how the upper and lower teeth meet, known as bite alignment. They provide the consistent force needed to move individual teeth, groups of teeth, or even entire dental arches. This targeted movement is essential for addressing issues such as overbites, underbites, and crossbites, contributing to both proper function and a harmonious smile.
Common Elastic Band Placements
The placement of orthodontic elastics is customized by an orthodontist to address specific bite discrepancies. One common configuration is Class II elastics, which are used to correct overbites where upper teeth protrude excessively. These bands typically connect from a hook on an upper canine tooth to a hook on a lower molar, helping to retract upper teeth and advance lower teeth.
Conversely, Class III elastics address underbites, where lower teeth extend too far forward. This pattern usually involves attaching the elastic from a hook on a lower canine tooth to a hook on an upper molar, working to retract lower teeth and advance upper teeth. Crossbite elastics are another common type, used when upper teeth fit inside the lower teeth. These elastics often form an X-shaped pattern, connecting teeth across the upper and lower jaws to reposition them. Vertical elastics can also be employed to close open bites, a condition where upper and lower teeth do not meet when the mouth is closed. They run vertically between upper and lower teeth, guiding them into proper alignment.
Step-by-Step Application Guide
Applying orthodontic elastics requires precision, and practicing in front of a mirror can be beneficial. Begin by washing your hands thoroughly to maintain hygiene. Identify the specific hooks on your braces where the elastic needs to be attached, as instructed by your orthodontist. These hooks are usually located on brackets of your canine, premolar, or molar teeth.
Take one elastic and gently stretch it between your fingers to prepare it for placement. Carefully hook one end onto the first designated bracket. Then, stretch the elastic to reach the corresponding hook on the opposing arch, ensuring it sits firmly without slipping. Some individuals find a plastic hook tool, provided by their orthodontist, helpful for guiding the elastic onto hard-to-reach hooks, especially with longer fingernails or limited dexterity.
Essential Tips for Wearing Bands
Consistent wear of orthodontic elastics is important for effective treatment outcomes. Patients are typically instructed to wear their bands for at least 22 to 24 hours per day, removing them only for eating and brushing. Neglecting to wear elastics as prescribed can prolong treatment time and compromise the final alignment of teeth.
Change elastics frequently, often two to three times daily, as they lose elasticity over time. Fresh bands ensure consistent pressure for optimal tooth movement. Maintain oral hygiene by removing elastics before brushing and flossing. Always carry extra elastics in case one breaks or gets lost, replacing them immediately to maintain continuous force. If a hook breaks or you run out of elastics, contact your orthodontist promptly. Initial soreness is normal when starting elastic wear; however, consistent use helps teeth adjust, and pain relievers can be used if needed.