Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) uses a small, battery-powered device to deliver mild electrical currents through electrodes placed on the skin, primarily for pain relief. Tinnitus is the perception of sound, such as ringing, buzzing, or clicking, when no external sound is present. This article guides readers on TENS pad placement and usage for managing tinnitus symptoms.
How TENS May Help Tinnitus
TENS therapy may alleviate tinnitus symptoms through several mechanisms. One theory involves neuromodulation, where electrical impulses alter neuron activity in the auditory pathway, potentially reducing tinnitus perception. This modulation could involve changing the firing patterns of nerve cells or adjusting the strength of their connections.
Another mechanism relates to the pain gate theory, where TENS activates nerve fibers that “close the gate” to pain signals in the spinal cord. A similar principle might apply to tinnitus, where TENS modulates abnormal neural activity that contributes to the phantom sounds. Additionally, TENS can promote muscle relaxation, beneficial for tinnitus linked to muscle tension, and enhance local blood flow.
Specific TENS Pad Placement Areas
For individuals exploring TENS therapy for tinnitus, specific anatomical locations are commonly targeted for electrode placement due to their proximity to relevant nerve pathways and structures. Accurate placement is important to maximize the benefits of stimulation.
One common area is the mastoid process, the bony prominence behind the ear. Placing one TENS pad here, and another nearby, such as slightly above or below it, targets nerves in the vicinity of the auditory system. This influences the dorsal cochlear nucleus, a brainstem part involved in sound processing, through somatosensory pathways. Stimulating areas close to the ear can increase this nucleus’s activation, which may help reduce tinnitus.
The cervical spine, particularly the upper neck, is another common placement area. Tinnitus can be influenced by head and neck issues, known as somatic tinnitus. Electrodes on the upper cervical spine may influence nerve pathways interacting with the auditory system. For example, one pad might be placed on a neck muscle tender point, with another on the mastoid process, to target interconnected nerve signals.
For tinnitus associated with jaw issues, placing pads around the TMJ area can be considered. The TMJ is located in front of the ear, where the jawbone connects to the skull. One pad can be positioned directly on or near the jaw joint, and another on a related muscle, such as the masseter or temporalis. This approach aims to relax jaw muscles and interrupt signals contributing to tinnitus perception.
TENS Device Settings and Usage
Understanding TENS device settings and usage guidelines is important for effective application. TENS devices allow adjustment of frequency, pulse width, and intensity. Frequency (Hz) refers to electrical pulses per second. Pulse width (µs) defines each pulse’s duration. Intensity (mA) controls current strength.
For tinnitus, a conventional TENS setting often involves high frequency (50-100 Hz) with a pulse duration of 50-250 µs. The intensity should be set to a comfortable level, producing a strong, non-painful tingling or buzzing sensation. Start with low intensity and gradually increase it until a noticeable but comfortable sensation is achieved.
Typical TENS sessions for tinnitus relief can last between 20 to 30 minutes, and some guidelines suggest using the device one to three times per day. It is often recommended to take breaks between applications to prevent skin irritation. While some individuals may experience relief quickly, others might require multiple sessions over several weeks to notice improvements.
Essential Safety and Consultation Advice
Before beginning TENS therapy for tinnitus, it is important to consider essential safety precautions and consult with a healthcare professional. TENS devices are generally considered safe, but there are specific situations where their use is not advised.
Individuals with implanted electronic devices, such as pacemakers or defibrillators, should not use TENS. The electrical currents could interfere with these devices. TENS should also be avoided:
During pregnancy, unless advised by a doctor or midwife.
On broken, irritated, infected, or numb skin.
Over the eyes, mouth, carotid sinus (front or side of the neck), or transcerebrally (through the head).
It is important to remember that TENS is a tool for managing tinnitus symptoms and is not considered a cure. The effectiveness of TENS can vary significantly among individuals, and it may provide temporary relief rather than a permanent solution.
Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a doctor, audiologist, or physical therapist, before starting TENS therapy is important. They can help determine if TENS is appropriate for a specific condition, advise on proper pad placement and settings, and ensure it is used safely alongside any other treatments.