An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable device that can deliver an electric shock to the heart during sudden cardiac arrest. This shock, known as defibrillation, can interrupt irregular heart rhythms and allow the heart to resume a normal pattern. Proper placement of AED pads is important for the device to function effectively. This article details the anterior-posterior method of AED pad placement for adults.
Understanding Anterior-Posterior Pad Placement
“Anterior-posterior” refers to placing one AED pad on the front (anterior) of the body and the other on the back (posterior). This differs from the more common anterior-lateral placement, where both pads are placed on the front of the chest, but on opposite sides. The anterior-posterior method ensures the electrical current passes directly through the heart.
This placement is suitable when the anterior-lateral method might be less effective or impractical. For example, it can be advantageous when a patient has a medical implant, such as a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, which could be damaged or divert energy. For patients with significant breast tissue, this placement can ensure proper pad contact and current delivery.
Applying AED Pads Using Anterior-Posterior Method
Applying AED pads using the anterior-posterior method involves specific anatomical locations to ensure the electrical current’s path through the heart. Before placing the pads, ensure the patient’s chest is exposed and free of obstructions.
The anterior (front) pad should be placed on the upper right side of the chest, just below the collarbone and to the right of the breastbone. This position helps direct the electrical current toward the heart. For male patients, this pad goes between the midline of the chest and the nipple; for female patients, it should be placed under the breast tissue.
The posterior (back) pad is then placed on the left side of the patient’s back, positioned just below the shoulder blade and next to the spine. Before applying, ensure the skin is dry. If excessive chest hair is present, it should be rapidly shaved for proper adhesion and to prevent burns. Press both pads firmly onto the skin to ensure complete contact and avoid air pockets.
Key Considerations for Effective AED Pad Placement
Effective AED pad placement extends beyond just knowing the anterior-posterior locations. Ensure the patient’s skin is clean and dry before applying the pads. Moisture on the skin can reduce pad adhesion and negatively affect the shock’s effectiveness, potentially leading to burns.
Remove any metallic jewelry or objects from the pad placement area, as metal can interfere with the electrical current, causing burns or diverting the shock. Ensure the AED pads do not touch or overlap once applied.
Finally, always follow the AED’s specific voice prompts and visual instructions, as these guides are designed to help even untrained bystanders use the device effectively.