Starfish, also known as sea stars, are captivating marine invertebrates that spark curiosity with their unique shapes and vibrant colors. Despite their common name, they are not fish; they belong to a group called echinoderms, which also includes sea urchins and sand dollars. These animals are characterized by their radial symmetry, often displaying five arms, although some species can have many more.
Key Coastal Locations
Starfish are commonly found in intertidal zones, which are areas of the shoreline exposed during low tide and submerged during high tide. Rocky shorelines and tide pools are particularly favored habitats for these creatures. These environments provide shelter from strong waves and predators, while also trapping water during low tide, making starfish more accessible for observation.
Within these rocky areas, starfish often cling to the undersides of rocks or hide beneath seaweed. This behavior offers them protection from desiccation (drying out) when the tide recedes and helps them avoid direct sunlight. Some species also inhabit sandy or muddy bottoms, typically near the low tide mark, where they can burrow to find prey or evade detection.
Best Times for Discovery
Low tide is the optimal time to discover starfish, as their intertidal zone habitats become exposed. Consulting local tide tables helps determine precise low tide times. These tables help plan visits when more of the seabed is revealed.
Spring tides offer an even greater opportunity for discovery because they result in exceptionally low tides. These occur twice a month, during the new and full moon phases, when the gravitational pull of the sun and moon align, drawing ocean waters further away from the shore. This phenomenon exposes parts of the intertidal zone that remain submerged during typical low tides, increasing the chances of spotting starfish that reside in deeper waters.
Mindful Viewing Practices
The most responsible approach is to look with eyes only, avoiding any direct contact. Starfish are delicate creatures; handling them can cause significant stress and potentially damage their sensitive skin or tube feet, which they use for movement and respiration.
If a rock is overturned to reveal a starfish, it should be gently returned to its original position. This action helps maintain the microhabitat and prevents the exposure of other organisms to predators or harsh environmental conditions. Wearing appropriate footwear, such as closed-toe water shoes, offers protection against sharp rocks or slippery surfaces, ensuring personal safety while navigating the intertidal zone. Additionally, remaining aware of the incoming tide is important to avoid being stranded or surprised by rising water levels.