Oregon holds a unique appeal for those interested in geology and the discovery of precious minerals. Among the various treasures hidden within its diverse landscapes, rubies, a variety of the mineral corundum, can be found. The pursuit of these natural gems offers an exciting opportunity for amateur prospectors to connect with the Earth’s geological processes.
Key Ruby Localities in Oregon
While Oregon is known for a variety of unique gemstones, widespread, gem-quality ruby deposits are not commonly identified. Rubies are a red variety of the mineral corundum, which forms in certain igneous and metamorphic rock environments. These durable minerals can then be transported by water and concentrated in alluvial or placer deposits, often in riverbeds downstream from their original source rocks. Areas with a history of corundum finds or geological formations conducive to its presence may offer the possibility of discovering rubies.
Despite the general presence of corundum, the occurrence of gem-quality rubies in Oregon is considered rare. Oregon is more widely recognized for other distinct minerals, such as the state gemstone, sunstone, which has specific public collection areas. Any rubies discovered in Oregon are often of lower gem quality, typically exhibiting brownish or purplish tints rather than the vivid “pigeon blood” red sought after in fine jewelry.
Identifying Rough Rubies
Identifying a rough ruby involves examining several distinct physical characteristics. Rubies are a red to purple-red variety of corundum, with the color stemming from chromium impurities. In their natural state, rubies often crystallize in the hexagonal system, appearing as terminated tabular hexagonal prisms or “tiny barrels.”
A fundamental test for identifying a potential ruby is its high hardness. Rubies rank 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, meaning they can scratch most other minerals except diamond. This high hardness also contributes to their glassy to dull luster in rough specimens. Another important indicator is specific gravity, with rubies being notably dense, making them feel heavy for their size. Rubies do not exhibit true cleavage, though they may have a basal parting. Observing inclusions like needle-shaped “silk” under magnification or a bright red fluorescence under ultraviolet light can further aid in distinguishing a natural ruby from other red minerals like garnet or spinel.
Essential Prospecting Tools and Methods
Equipping oneself with the right tools enhances the prospector’s ability to find rubies. A sturdy rock hammer or pick is essential for breaking apart host rock or prying loose material. Chisels can assist in more precise extraction of potential specimens from rock formations. For searching in streambeds and alluvial deposits, a gold pan and sieves are beneficial for separating heavier minerals, including rubies, from lighter gravels.
Additional helpful items include a portable shovel for digging, a bucket for collecting finds, and gloves and safety glasses for protection. A hand lens or loupe provides magnification to closely examine mineral characteristics. A magnet can help differentiate non-magnetic rubies from magnetic associated minerals. A UV light can also reveal the distinctive red fluorescence of some rubies. When using sieves, submerge and agitate them to allow denser materials to settle at the bottom. This helps concentrate any heavy minerals, including rubies, for easier identification.
Rules for Ruby Hunting
Ruby prospecting in Oregon requires adherence to specific regulations based on land ownership. On most public lands managed by agencies like the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service, recreational rockhounding for personal use is generally permitted without a fee or permit. Collection limits typically allow for 25 pounds plus one piece per day. Only hand tools are allowed; motorized equipment or explosives are prohibited.
On private property, permission from the landowner is required. State Parks generally allow small personal collections but prohibit digging. In designated Wilderness Areas, collection is limited to surface finds. It is illegal to disturb or collect cultural or historical artifacts. Prospectors should always practice “Leave No Trace” principles, including filling holes, packing out trash, and respecting the environment.