Utah’s diverse geological landscape offers unique opportunities to encounter petrified wood, a fascinating remnant of ancient forests. This natural wonder, formed over millions of years, provides a tangible connection to the Earth’s deep past. The state’s vast public lands are known for containing significant deposits of this fossilized timber, drawing enthusiasts interested in its beauty and scientific story.
Understanding Petrified Wood
Petrified wood forms through permineralization, where organic plant material is replaced by minerals. When wood becomes buried in sediment, the lack of oxygen prevents decay. Mineral-rich groundwater seeps into the wood’s pores, and as the original material breaks down, minerals like silica (often quartz, chalcedony, or opal) replace the cellular structures.
This process often preserves the original wood grain, growth rings, and even bark patterns, creating a stone replica. Varied colors, including reds, yellows, browns, blues, and greens, result from trace elements and impurities in the mineralizing water, such as iron, manganese, copper, and chromium. Unlike impressions, petrified wood retains its three-dimensional form, offering a detailed glimpse into prehistoric plant life.
Collecting Regulations
Collecting petrified wood in Utah is subject to regulations that vary by land ownership. On most Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands, personal use collection is generally permitted without a fee or permit. Collectors may gather up to 25 pounds plus one piece per day, with an annual limit of 250 pounds. This material must be for personal use and cannot be sold or traded.
Collecting is strictly prohibited in national parks (Zion, Bryce Canyon, Capitol Reef), national monuments, and state parks, including Escalante Petrified Forest State Park. Removing natural resources from these preserved areas is illegal. Tribal lands have their own regulations; permission must be obtained before entering or collecting. Private property requires explicit landowner permission before any collection. Always verify land ownership and local rules with the relevant managing agency before beginning any collection activity.
Prime Discovery Areas
Utah offers several regions renowned for their petrified wood deposits, primarily on public lands where collection is permitted. The Henry Mountains region, particularly near Hanksville in Garfield County, is a notable area. Petrified wood from this area is often associated with the Jurassic-age Morrison Formation, known for its colorful agate replacement and sometimes large logs.
Another significant location is the San Rafael Swell in Emery County, where petrified wood is commonly found across various strata, including the Chinle layer. This expansive, geologically active area often exposes fossilized wood in eroded badlands and washes. The Hanksville area also includes vast BLM lands, offering widespread opportunities for discovery, with large petrified logs sometimes exposed.
Successful Search Methods
Successful petrified wood hunting involves knowing what to look for and being prepared. Petrified wood often retains characteristics of its original form, such as smooth textures, growth rings, and wood grain patterns, but it feels much heavier than regular wood due to its mineral composition. Colors vary widely, but look for distinct hues like reds, oranges, and yellows from iron oxides, or blues and greens from copper or chromium. Searching in eroded areas, washes, and dry creek beds can be productive, as water and wind help expose specimens from the surrounding soil.
Equip yourself with sturdy hiking shoes, ample water, sun protection like a hat and sunscreen, and a backpack to carry any finds. A small shovel or trowel is useful for light digging, and a rock hammer or chisel can dislodge pieces, though heavy equipment is prohibited. A hand lens or magnifying glass helps examine specimens for characteristic wood patterns. Always practice ethical collecting by leaving no trace, respecting private property, and informing someone of your plans for safety.