Megalodon teeth, relics of a colossal prehistoric shark, are sought-after fossils found across North Carolina. The state officially designated the fossilized teeth of the megalodon shark as its state fossil in 2013, highlighting their prevalence and significance within the region. These ancient teeth offer a tangible connection to a time when massive marine predators navigated the waters that once covered much of coastal North Carolina. Their relative abundance makes them an accessible find for many enthusiasts.
Prime Hunting Grounds
North Carolina’s diverse geological history, particularly its coastal plain, offers numerous locations where megalodon teeth can be discovered. Many of these areas were submerged under ancient seas millions of years ago, creating rich fossil deposits. These deposits are now exposed through natural erosion and human activities, revealing the teeth of these formidable sharks.
Rivers flowing through the eastern part of the state are particularly productive hunting grounds. The Cape Fear River, for instance, has areas like “Shark Tooth Island” and Keg Island, artificial landmasses formed from dredged sediments, excellent spots for finds. The Neuse and Tar Rivers are also known to yield fossils, with some collectors reporting megalodon teeth from their banks. Green Mill Run in Greenville offers another riverine location where fossil hunters can explore sedimentary layers.
Coastal beaches along the North Carolina shoreline also frequently yield megalodon teeth, especially after storms or beach nourishment projects. Holden Beach, Ocean Isle Beach, and Topsail Island are consistently mentioned as prime locations for beachcombers. Strong waves from storms can churn up and expose hidden fossils, while sand dredged from offshore during nourishment projects can deposit new finds directly onto the beach. For those with advanced diving certifications, offshore sites like the “Meg Ledge” near Wrightsville Beach offer a concentrated area of megalodon teeth at depths of around 100 feet.
While less accessible for casual hunting, some commercial quarries in eastern North Carolina also expose fossil-rich layers. The Aurora Fossil Museum in Aurora provides public access to spoil piles from a nearby phosphate mine, which are known for containing a wide array of fossils, including megalodon teeth. Other quarries, like those near Maysville, typically require special access due to their commercial operations.
Effective Searching Techniques
Finding megalodon teeth involves employing specific searching methods and knowing what characteristics to look for. Surface hunting along riverbanks, creek beds, and beaches is a common approach, especially during low tide when more of the area is exposed. After heavy rains or significant storms, new fossils may be uncovered and more easily visible. Sifting through sediment in shallow waters or along shorelines with a screen and shovel can also be effective.
Identifying a megalodon tooth requires familiarity with its distinct features. These teeth are larger than those of most other sharks, typically ranging from 3 to 7 inches, with some rare specimens exceeding 7 inches. They possess a broad, triangular shape with a thick, robust root. A key diagnostic feature is the presence of fine serrations along the blade, distinguishing them from the coarser serrations on great white shark teeth.
Another important characteristic is the “bourrelet,” a dark, chevron-shaped band located between the tooth’s root and crown. The color of fossilized megalodon teeth can vary widely, from black and gray to brown, beige, or even reddish hues, depending on the minerals present in the sediment where they fossilized. Authentic teeth often show natural weathering and have a glossy enamel surface.
Safety and Responsible Collecting
Fossil hunting in natural environments requires adherence to safety precautions. When hunting along rivers or coastal areas, be aware of changing tides and potential currents, which can make areas inaccessible or create unstable footing. Always assess the stability of riverbanks, cliffs, and other terrain, as loose rocks or slippery surfaces can pose hazards. Wearing appropriate gear, such as sturdy, closed-toe shoes, can help prevent injuries.
Responsible collecting practices are also important for respecting property rights. On privately owned land, obtaining explicit permission from the landowner before searching for fossils is necessary. For public state or municipal lands in North Carolina, casual collection of fossils is generally permitted without a license or permit. Navigable rivers and beaches, up to the high tide mark, are considered public and are freely accessible for fossil hunting.
However, specific regulations apply to federal lands, such as National Seashores, where permits may be required for collecting vertebrate fossils, including shark teeth. State parks in North Carolina generally prohibit the removal of natural resources, including fossils, without a specific scientific or educational permit. It is advisable to check with the specific park or land management agency before collecting. To maintain the integrity of the environment, avoid creating significant disturbances like large pits or trenches.