The Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) is a large, nonnative lizard that has successfully established itself across the warmer regions of Florida. Originally imported through the pet trade, the species flourished in the subtropical climate after individuals escaped or were released into the wild. As an invasive species, the iguana population now poses ecological and structural challenges throughout its range. This guide details where and when the public is most likely to encounter these reptiles across the state.
Regional Concentration in Florida
The majority of established Green Iguana populations are concentrated in the warmest parts of South Florida. The highest density occurs within the corridor stretching from Miami-Dade County north through Broward and Palm Beach counties, extending into the Florida Keys in Monroe County.
This primary range has expanded slightly north along the coastlines due to the moderating effects of the ocean, with populations observed in counties like Martin and Collier. While sightings have been reported further inland, such as in Hillsborough or Indian River counties, these are often isolated individuals. Sustained breeding populations are generally not established in these northern areas because occasional cold snaps prevent permanent colonization.
Preferred Environmental Habitats
Within their established range, Green Iguanas prefer human-modified landscapes. They are frequently found in suburban and urban areas that offer dense vegetation, basking sites, and proximity to water. These reptiles are often seen near canals and retention ponds, as they are strong swimmers and use the water as an escape route when threatened.
A particularly favored micro-habitat is any structure near the water’s edge, such as seawalls, docks, and concrete banks, which provide excellent surfaces for basking. Iguanas are also burrowers, digging tunnels up to three feet long beneath sidewalks, foundations, and seawalls. They are attracted to residential properties because of the abundance of ornamental plants, flowers, and fruit trees, which serve as their primary food source.
Suburban yards with tall shade trees are common, as iguanas are primarily arboreal and spend significant time in the canopy. The combination of dense foliage for cover and open sunlit areas for thermoregulation makes manicured parks and golf courses ideal environments. They utilize these spaces for feeding on flowers and leaves while regulating their body temperature.
Daily and Seasonal Activity Patterns
Green Iguanas are diurnal, meaning their activity is restricted to the daytime hours. The best time to spot them is generally mid-morning through late afternoon, after the sun has warmed the air and surfaces. They spend this period basking to raise their internal temperature before foraging for food.
Activity levels decrease as the sun sets, and iguanas seek shelter, often remaining still in trees or burrows throughout the night. Their visibility is most pronounced during the winter months when temperatures drop significantly. Iguanas become lethargic when temperatures fall below 50°F, which slows their metabolism.
“Cold stunning” occurs when temperatures drop into the mid-40s Fahrenheit. The reptiles lose all muscle control, entering a temporary state of torpor. While they appear dead, they are often still alive and will recover once the temperature rises above 50°F. This makes them highly visible and vulnerable during short-lived cold snaps, particularly in the early morning hours.
Guidelines for Encounters
Because the Green Iguana is an invasive species, it receives no protection except under anti-cruelty laws. Homeowners and property managers have the right to humanely remove iguanas from their private property year-round without a permit. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) encourages the removal of these reptiles to mitigate their impact on the environment and infrastructure.
It is prohibited to relocate or release a captured iguana at any other site within the state, as this contributes to their spread. If an iguana is encountered, remember they can be defensive, using their sharp claws, teeth, or powerful tail for protection. There is also a risk of disease transmission, as iguanas are known carriers of Salmonella bacteria.
If a cold-stunned iguana is found, the FWC advises against touching it or bringing it inside, as the reptile can rapidly regain mobility and become aggressive as it warms up. For those unable to safely or humanely remove iguanas themselves, the best course of action is to contact a licensed professional nuisance wildlife trapper for assistance.