Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a hardy perennial herb valued for its delicate, fern-like foliage and characteristic flat-topped flower clusters. This plant is sought after for its versatility, serving as an attractive ornamental garden feature and holding a place in traditional herbal practices. Starting yarrow from seed is an economical and straightforward way to cultivate this plant. This guide covers the considerations for purchasing yarrow seeds and the steps required to successfully bring them to germination.
Understanding Yarrow Types Before Purchasing
Acquiring yarrow seeds involves understanding the difference between the common species and hybrid varieties available. The species Achillea millefolium, often sold as common or wild yarrow, typically produces white to pale pink flowers. This common form is generally used for naturalized areas or traditional purposes and tends to spread more aggressively by rhizomes and self-seeding.
Most seed companies also offer ornamental cultivars, which are bred for specific aesthetic qualities. These hybrid varieties, such as ‘Summer Pastels’ or ‘Colorado Mix,’ feature brightly colored flowers, including shades of red, pink, cream, or yellow. While these cultivars provide more vibrant garden aesthetics, the color may not reproduce true-to-type if the seed came from a hybrid plant.
Key Sources for Yarrow Seeds
Purchasing yarrow seeds can be done through three main channels. Large online retailers and general seed companies offer a wide inventory, including both the common species and many of the popular ornamental cultivars. These vendors often provide competitive pricing, especially when buying in bulk, but the origin and specific growing conditions of the seed may be less transparent.
For gardeners prioritizing quality and specific plant lineage, specialty herb or native plant suppliers are a better option. These niche companies often focus on non-GMO, open-pollinated, or organic seeds of Achillea millefolium suited for medicinal or ecological purposes. When vetting any source, always look for the full botanical name on the packet to confirm the exact species or cultivar.
Local garden centers and nurseries are another convenient option, supplying seeds adapted to the regional climate, though their selection of yarrow varieties may be limited. It is also important to check the “packed for” date on the seed packet, as this provides a direct indication of the seed’s freshness and viability.
Guide to Planting Yarrow Seeds
Yarrow seeds are small and should be sown directly onto the surface of the soil, as they require light for successful germination. Indoors, seeds can be started six to eight weeks before the last expected frost date in your region, using a good quality seed-raising mix. Simply pressing the seeds lightly into the soil surface ensures good contact without burying them.
Yarrow seeds benefit from cold, moist stratification, which mimics the natural winter cycle. This involves storing the seeds in a cool, moist environment, such as a refrigerator, for about four weeks prior to sowing. Providing this cold treatment can significantly improve the success rate for perennial seeds.
The seedlings should be kept continually moist and placed in a bright location with a soil temperature consistently between 65 and 72 degrees Fahrenheit. Once the danger of frost has passed and the seedlings are established, they can be transplanted outdoors into a location that receives full sun for at least six hours daily. Yarrow prefers well-drained, average to poor soil, as overly rich or wet conditions can cause the plants to become weak or “leggy.”