Sodium chlorite is a white crystalline solid primarily recognized for its powerful oxidizing characteristics. This compound is the sodium salt of chlorous acid and is highly soluble in water, forming an alkaline solution when dissolved. Its function in commercial and industrial settings stems from its ability to chemically react with other substances by accepting electrons, a process utilized across various applications. The substance is typically odorless, though its solutions may sometimes carry a slight scent reminiscent of chlorine.
Legitimate Industrial and Commercial Applications
The most widespread legitimate use for sodium chlorite is in the generation of chlorine dioxide, a potent antimicrobial agent. This conversion is relied upon by municipal water treatment plants to disinfect drinking water supplies. Using chlorine dioxide offers the advantage of eliminating bacteria, viruses, and biofilms without generating the potentially harmful trihalomethanes that can result from using elemental chlorine.
Industries also utilize the compound for its powerful bleaching capabilities, particularly in the production of paper and textiles. It is employed to bleach wood pulp, removing lignin components while preserving the cellulose fibers, resulting in high-quality white paper products. In the textile sector, it brightens and whitens fabrics without causing damage to the fibers.
Sodium chlorite also plays a role in food safety and some consumer products. The chemical, often in an acidified form, is approved for use in washing and sanitizing fruits, vegetables, and poultry to extend shelf life and control microbial contamination. Its antimicrobial properties make it suitable for use in certain oral care products, such as mouthwashes and toothpastes, and as a preservative in some therapeutic rinses and eye drops.
Understanding the Chemical Composition and Handling Safety
The chemical structure of sodium chlorite makes it a strong oxidizer, meaning it readily promotes the combustion of other materials by releasing oxygen. This property necessitates rigorous safety protocols in handling and storage to prevent dangerous reactions. In its dry or concentrated solution form, the substance poses a significant fire hazard, especially if it contacts organic materials, which can lead to explosive mixtures.
Concentrated sodium chlorite is classified as corrosive, capable of causing severe chemical burns upon contact with skin and permanent damage to the eyes. Inhaling the dust or fumes can also severely irritate the respiratory tract. A serious hazard arises when the substance mixes with acids, causing the liberation of highly toxic chlorine dioxide gas.
Safe handling requires the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. Storage must be in a cool, well-ventilated area, securely separated from combustible materials, reducing agents, and especially acids to avoid accidental release or fire.
Regulatory Status and Warning Against Ingestion
Despite its legitimate industrial uses, sodium chlorite is not approved by major health authorities for internal human consumption. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has repeatedly issued warnings against products marketed for ingestion, such as “Miracle Mineral Solution” (MMS) or “Chlorine Dioxide Protocol.” These products are typically sold as a liquid containing a high concentration of sodium chlorite, often around 28% in distilled water.
The directions for these non-approved products instruct users to mix the sodium chlorite solution with an acid, such as lemon juice or citric acid, which serves as an “activator.” This mixing process immediately generates chlorine dioxide. Ingesting this resulting chemical mixture is comparable to drinking bleach and has no scientific evidence supporting its safety or effectiveness for treating any human disease.
The FDA and other health organizations have received multiple reports of severe, life-threatening adverse effects from individuals consuming these solutions. Reported health consequences include severe vomiting, persistent diarrhea, and low blood pressure resulting from dehydration. More severe effects involve acute liver failure, methemoglobinemia (a blood disorder that reduces oxygen in the blood), and the potential for kidney failure. Consumers should understand that these substances are industrial chemicals that are toxic if swallowed.