Mistletoe holds a unique place in popular culture, recognized both as a festive winter decoration and as an ingredient in complementary medicine. The decision of where to purchase this plant depends entirely on its intended application. Because the different botanical species possess vastly different chemical compositions and toxicity profiles, sourcing must be approached with careful consideration. The use of the plant requires an understanding of its specific variety and the regulatory environment governing its sale.
Understanding the Different Varieties of Mistletoe
Mistletoe refers to a group of parasitic plants, but two species are most relevant: American Mistletoe (Phoradendron serotinum or Phoradendron leucarpum) and European Mistletoe (Viscum album). These varieties are not interchangeable and have distinct safety profiles based on their toxic components. American Mistletoe, often used for holiday decoration, contains phoratoxins, which can cause gastrointestinal distress if ingested.
European Mistletoe contains viscumin, a highly potent ribosome-inactivating protein that is more toxic than the phoratoxins found in its American counterpart. This European variety is processed into standardized extracts for use in specialized, complementary health settings. The chemical composition of Viscum album extracts can vary significantly depending on the host tree, harvest time, and extraction procedure. This variability ensures that the sourcing of medicinal products is heavily controlled and distinct from purchasing decorative sprigs.
Locating Reputable Sources for Medicinal Preparations
Sourcing Mistletoe for health purposes involves obtaining standardized extracts of the European species, Viscum album. These preparations, often sold under brand names like Iscador or Helixor, are typically not available as over-the-counter herbal supplements in the United States. The extracts are complex, and their concentration of active compounds, such as mistletoe lectins, is carefully regulated for therapeutic use.
Most medicinal Mistletoe extracts are acquired through highly controlled channels due to their specialized nature and delivery method. This usually requires a prescription or clinical recommendation from a licensed healthcare provider, particularly those practicing integrative or anthroposophic medicine. The extracts are most frequently administered by injection under the skin, requiring professional guidance for safe use.
Purchases are often facilitated through specialized compounding pharmacies or authorized distributors who maintain strict quality controls. Verifying the supplier’s credentials is paramount, as product efficacy and safety depend on the quality and standardization of the extract. Some reputable online vendors may offer non-injectable liquid tinctures or standardized capsules, but these should be sourced from manufacturers who provide transparent information on testing. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved Mistletoe for any medical purpose, meaning its use falls under complementary or integrative care.
Safety Considerations When Purchasing for Decoration
Mistletoe purchased for decoration is easily found during the holiday season at local florists, garden centers, and seasonal pop-up shops. This decorative use is distinct because the entire plant, including the leaves and especially the white berries, is toxic if ingested. The decorative plant should not be mistaken for a medicinal product, and its purchase must prioritize safety to prevent accidental poisoning.
If you buy fresh Mistletoe, hang it securely and completely out of reach of small children and pets. The berries are small, waxy, and appealing, posing a significant risk if they fall onto the floor and are consumed. When displaying fresh sprigs, consider using a holder or wrapping the stems to contain any loose berries or leaves that may shed.
Alternatively, high-quality artificial Mistletoe made from non-toxic materials offers the traditional appearance without the ingestion risks associated with the real plant. Any discarded natural Mistletoe should be disposed of promptly and safely to ensure it remains inaccessible to household members and animals.