Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a tropical herb prized for its intense, clean lemon scent and flavor. This perennial grass is a staple in both culinary applications and traditional medicine. Cultivating this fragrant plant requires sourcing quality starting material. This guide covers finding quality seeds and evaluating alternative propagation methods.
Finding Reliable Seed Retailers
Sourcing quality seeds is best accomplished through specialized retailers. Online specialty seed banks are often the most reliable source, focusing on tropical varieties, sometimes including the related Cymbopogon flexuosus. When purchasing, seek companies that state high germination rates and check customer reviews to gauge seed freshness.
Reputable seed companies provide detailed information on the seed’s origin and viability testing. Consider selecting non-GMO or organic seeds. Local nurseries may also carry seeds, but availability depends on the local climate. Always confirm the species, as the two common varieties, West Indian (C. citratus) and East Indian (C. flexuosus), have different growth habits and seed availability.
The Choice Between Seeds and Stalk Cuttings
The common culinary variety, Cymbopogon citratus, is often sterile or produces seeds with low viability, making seed starting challenging. Starting from fresh stalk cuttings or root divisions is frequently the more reliable and expedient method for home growers. Propagation from a stalk bypasses the long germination period and slow initial growth phase.
Propagating from Stalk Cuttings
To propagate from a stalk, select a firm, healthy stalk from a grocery store with the base intact. Use a sharp knife to slice a thin layer off the bottom to expose fresh tissue, encouraging root development. Place the prepared stalk in a glass of tepid water, covering the base, and position it in a warm, brightly lit area. Change the water daily or every couple of days to prevent bacterial growth.
Small white roots should emerge from the base within two to three weeks. Once these roots are about an inch long, the cutting is ready to be transplanted into a pot filled with well-draining soil. This method is much faster than cultivating a plant from seed. If you choose to grow from seed, you will likely use the East Indian variety, Cymbopogon flexuosus, which has more reliable seed production.
Essential Steps for Starting Lemongrass Seeds
Successful germination requires mimicking the plant’s native tropical environment. Begin by using a sterile, fine-textured seed-starting mix in a shallow tray or small pots to reduce disease risk. Lemongrass seeds require light for germination, so they should be surface-sown and only lightly covered with a thin layer of compost or vermiculite.
The most important factor is providing consistent warmth, as seeds thrive between 70°F and 85°F (21°C to 29°C). Using a heating mat beneath the tray helps maintain this ideal soil temperature. Keep the soil consistently moist but never waterlogged; watering from the bottom helps prevent washing away the tiny seeds. Germination typically occurs within seven to 21 days under optimal conditions.
Once seedlings develop their second set of true leaves and are large enough to handle, transplant them into individual pots and move them to a location that provides full, direct sun.