Compression stockings are specialized garments designed to apply gentle pressure to the legs, which helps to improve blood flow and reduce swelling and discomfort. These stockings feature graduated compression, meaning the pressure is strongest at the ankle and gradually decreases further up the leg, supporting the return of blood toward the heart. Understanding these steps is important for anyone seeking relief from circulation issues, leg fatigue, or specific medical conditions.
Determining the Right Compression Level and Length
Compression stockings are categorized by the amount of pressure they exert, measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Mild or over-the-counter (OTC) compression typically falls in the 8–15 mmHg or 15–20 mmHg range and is suitable for general leg fatigue, minor swelling, or travel to help prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Higher levels, such as 20–30 mmHg and 30–40 mmHg, are considered prescription-grade and are used to manage conditions like moderate to severe varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, or lymphedema. These higher pressure garments should only be worn under the guidance of a healthcare professional. The length of the stocking is determined by the area needing support; knee-high options are the most common, while thigh-high or pantyhose styles are generally recommended when swelling or vein issues extend above the knee.
Essential Step: Accurate Sizing
Correct sizing is essential for both the effectiveness and safety of compression stockings, as ill-fitting garments can restrict circulation or fail to provide the correct pressure gradient. Unlike regular hosiery, sizing depends on precise circumference and length measurements, not just shoe size.
The ankle circumference is the most important measurement, taken at the narrowest part just above the ankle bone, as this point receives the highest pressure. The circumference of the calf must also be measured at its widest point, and for knee-high stockings, the length is measured from the floor to the bend of the knee. It is strongly recommended to take these measurements first thing in the morning when the legs are at their least swollen state. For thigh-high or waist-high garments, additional measurements of the thigh circumference at its widest point and the overall leg length to the gluteal fold are necessary.
Navigating Retail and Online Purchase Options
For lower compression (8–20 mmHg), local pharmacies, drugstores, and general online retailers offer convenient options. These over-the-counter sources are budget-friendly and widely accessible for preventative or mild relief.
For prescription-grade stockings (20–30 mmHg and higher), Durable Medical Equipment (DME) providers or specialized medical supply stores are often the better choice. These locations typically have certified fitters who can take precise measurements and ensure the garment meets the exact specifications of a prescription. While specialized online retailers offer greater selection and competitive pricing for higher-grade compression, the inability to receive a professional fitting on-site is a drawback.
Cost, Insurance, and Reimbursement
The cost of compression stockings varies widely depending on the compression level, material, and retailer. Basic over-the-counter pairs typically range from around \\(8 to \\)25, while medical-grade stockings (20–30 mmHg and higher) can cost between \\(15 and over \\)90 per pair. Thigh-high styles are generally more expensive than knee-high options.
Many health insurance plans, including Original Medicare, do not cover compression stockings for general use. However, they may cover them as Durable Medical Equipment (DME) when prescribed for specific medical conditions like lymphedema or venous stasis ulcers. Coverage is often contingent on the garment being prescribed by a physician and the diagnosis meeting specific criteria. For non-covered purchases, funds from a Health Savings Account (HSA) or Flexible Spending Account (FSA) can often be used, especially for compression levels of 30–40 mmHg or higher that are treating a medical condition.