Coal tar ointment is a centuries-old topical treatment derived from coal that remains a recognized option for managing various chronic skin conditions. Used in dermatology for over a century, it offers a cost-effective alternative for individuals dealing with persistent dermatological issues. The product is a complex mixture of compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, that work on the skin’s surface. It helps alleviate symptoms such as scaling, itching, and irritation.
Understanding Coal Tar Formulations
Coal tar products are available in several different vehicles, chosen based on the area of the body being treated. These forms include ointments, creams, lotions, gels, and specialized shampoos. Ointments and creams, which have greasier bases, are often preferred for treating thick plaques on the body, as they deliver the active ingredient more effectively. Shampoos and gels are designed to treat conditions affecting the scalp and other hairy areas.
The concentration of coal tar is an important factor. Over-the-counter (OTC) products typically contain between 0.5% and 5% coal tar, a concentration regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Higher concentrations or unique formulations may require a prescription from a healthcare provider and are often compounded by specialty pharmacies. The choice of vehicle and concentration directly influences the product’s effectiveness and absorption by the affected skin.
Primary Uses for Coal Tar
Coal tar is classified as a keratolytic agent, meaning it helps to reduce the thickness of the skin’s outer layer and soften scales and crust. It works primarily by suppressing DNA synthesis in skin cells, which slows the excessive rate of cell growth associated with certain conditions. This antimitotic effect helps normalize the skin’s appearance and reduce characteristic scaling.
The treatment also offers anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties, helping to reduce redness, swelling, and itching. These combined effects make coal tar a recognized treatment for chronic plaque psoriasis, a condition marked by rapid skin cell turnover. It is also used to manage seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff) and specific forms of eczema, alleviating irritation and flaking.
Purchasing Locations and Availability
Over-the-counter coal tar products, such as ointments, shampoos, and lotions, are widely available across various retail channels in concentrations up to the maximum legal limit. Major retail pharmacies, including chains like CVS and Walgreens, consistently stock a range of coal tar formulations. Big-box retailers, such as Walmart and Target, also carry these products, often including store-brand alternatives that use the same active ingredient. Online vendors, including large e-commerce platforms like Amazon and specialty dermatological suppliers, provide another convenient purchasing option with a wide selection of concentrations and vehicles.
Consumers will find several common brand names, such as MG217, Psoriasin, and Neutrogena T/Gel, which aid in locating the product. These OTC options are suitable for mild to moderate cases of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis.
For higher concentrations, typically exceeding the OTC limit of 5%, or for specialized formulations, a prescription is required. These prescription-strength products must be filled at a licensed pharmacy; sometimes a compounding pharmacy is needed to create a custom mixture. Consulting a dermatologist is the best approach to determine if a prescription-strength or specialized formulation is necessary.
Safe Application and Usage Guidelines
Coal tar products are intended for external use only and should be applied directly to the affected area in a thin film. Users must avoid contact with sensitive areas, such as the eyes and genital or rectal regions. Hands should be washed thoroughly before and after application to prevent accidental spread.
Temporary side effects can occur, including mild stinging or skin irritation, especially when first starting treatment. Coal tar is known to stain clothing, bedding, and temporarily discolor light-colored hair. The most significant safety consideration is that coal tar increases the skin’s sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light, a phenomenon called photosensitivity.
To prevent a severe sunburn or phototoxic reaction, direct sun exposure, including tanning beds, must be avoided for at least 24 hours after application. If sun exposure is unavoidable, treated areas should be covered with protective clothing or a broad-spectrum sunscreen. If the skin condition worsens, does not improve, or if signs of an allergic reaction occur, users should discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.