Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is a versatile cereal grain used globally for animal feed, malting, and human consumption. Sourcing the appropriate seed is the first step in a successful planting operation. The type of seed needed depends entirely on the intended application and local growing conditions. Understanding the differences in barley varieties and knowing where to purchase high-quality, verified seed will help ensure the best possible results.
Selecting the Right Barley Variety
The initial decision when purchasing barley seed is determining the correct growth habit for the climate and desired harvest time. Spring barley is sown in the early spring and does not require a period of cold temperatures, or vernalization, to produce grain. Winter barley, conversely, is planted in the autumn and requires the cold exposure of winter to trigger flowering and grain development the following summer. Winter varieties generally offer a higher yield potential due to their longer growing season, while spring varieties are often favored for malting due to their typically higher spirit yield and lower protein content.
Barley is also classified by the number of kernel rows on the seed head, which directly affects its composition and end-use. Two-row barley features a single kernel at each node of the head, resulting in larger, plumper grains with a lower protein and a higher starch content. This variety is highly prized in the malting industry for producing a cleaner, maltier flavor in beer and whiskey.
Six-row barley has three kernels developing at each node, making the individual kernels smaller and thinner. This type contains a higher amount of protein and enzymes, making it particularly valuable for use as animal feed or in brewing recipes that incorporate additional grains, known as adjuncts. The elevated enzyme activity helps convert starches from the other ingredients into fermentable sugars.
Primary Channels for Purchasing Seed
The most direct way to source barley seed is through local agricultural co-operatives and farm supply stores. These locations offer local expertise, as staff can recommend specific varieties that perform well in the immediate geographic area. Purchasing locally allows for the inspection of the seed lot before purchase and provides instant access to smaller quantities. Co-ops often act as a reliable source for repeat buyers.
Online retailers and large agricultural suppliers provide a wider selection of specialized and bulk ordering options. These platforms are useful for sourcing less common or regionally specific varieties that a local store may not stock. While online ordering may offer competitive pricing and bulk discounts, the buyer must account for substantial shipping costs for heavy seed bags. The inability to inspect the seed before delivery is a drawback of this channel.
A final purchasing option involves buying certified seed directly from specialized seed companies or university-affiliated breeding programs. This direct channel provides the highest assurance regarding the genetic purity and identity of the variety. These companies focus on marketing the latest genetics, offering traits such as improved disease resistance or drought tolerance. This relationship ensures a clear chain of custody from the breeder to the buyer, confirming the seed’s provenance.
Verifying Seed Quality and Certification
Regardless of the source, seed quality must be verified by examining the required seed tag or label attached to the container. Federal and state laws mandate that this tag include key information necessary for evaluating the seed lot. The tag must state the percentage of pure seed, other crop seed, inert matter like chaff, and the percentage of weed seeds present. A separate listing for any noxious weed seeds is also required.
The germination rate is a crucial number listed on the tag, indicating the percentage of seeds expected to sprout under ideal laboratory conditions. This figure must be based on a test performed within the last nine months prior to sale. Buyers can calculate the Pure Live Seed (PLS) value, which combines the purity and germination rates to determine the quantity of viable seed in the bag.
The highest quality assurance is indicated by certified seed, often identifiable by a blue tag or label from a certifying agency. Certified seed guarantees varietal purity, ensuring the genetic traits purchased are accurately represented. Production is monitored under stringent quality management systems, which significantly limits the presence of weeds and other crop seeds compared to uncertified lots. Using certified seed can lead to higher, more stable yields and provides traceability necessary for certain premium markets.