An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) delivers an electrical shock to the heart when a person experiences sudden cardiac arrest. This condition occurs when the heart unexpectedly stops beating effectively, preventing blood flow to the brain and other organs. The AED analyzes the heart’s rhythm and, if necessary, provides a shock to help restore a normal heartbeat. For this intervention to be effective, the precise placement of the AED pads on the body is paramount.
Standard Adult Pad Application
Applying AED pads to an adult involves a specific, standard approach to ensure the electrical current passes efficiently through the heart. Begin by ensuring the individual’s chest is bare, dry, and clean, as clothing or moisture can impede proper pad adhesion and electrical conductivity.
The most common method, known as anterior-lateral placement, involves two pads. Position the first pad on the upper right side of the chest, just below the collarbone. This placement helps establish a clear pathway for the electrical impulse.
The second pad is then placed on the lower left side of the chest, below the armpit and covering a portion of the rib cage. It is important to ensure these pads do not touch each other, as this could divert the electrical current. Most AED pads include diagrams to guide this placement accurately.
Once positioned, firmly press the entire surface of each pad onto the skin to maximize contact and minimize air pockets. Good adhesion is essential for the electrical current to effectively reach the heart. Proper pad placement helps ensure the shock is delivered efficiently, increasing the likelihood of restoring a normal heart rhythm.
Applying Pads to Children
Using an AED on children requires specific considerations due to their smaller body size. For infants and children typically under 8 years old or weighing less than 55 pounds, pediatric attenuator pads are recommended if available. These specialized pads deliver a lower energy shock, which is more appropriate for a child’s smaller body.
If pediatric pads are not immediately accessible, adult pads can be used on a child, though careful placement is even more important to prevent them from touching. An anterior-posterior pad placement is advised for infants or when using adult pads. This involves placing one pad on the center of the child’s chest.
The second pad is then positioned on the child’s back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back configuration ensures the heart is situated between the pads. Correct pad size and placement are crucial for effective and safe defibrillation in pediatric patients.
Addressing Unique Situations and Ensuring Effectiveness
Several unique situations can arise during AED pad application, necessitating specific adjustments to ensure effectiveness. For individuals with excessive chest hair, the hair can prevent pads from adhering properly. If a razor is available in the AED kit, quickly shave the areas where the pads will be placed.
If the individual has a wet chest, dry it thoroughly before applying pads. Water can conduct electricity away from the heart, reducing the shock’s effectiveness and potentially causing burns. Move the individual to a dry surface if possible, and dry only the chest to avoid delaying treatment.
If the individual has a pacemaker or an implantable device, position the AED pads at least one inch away from any visible bumps or scars. Placing a pad directly over an implanted device could interfere with its function or reduce the shock’s efficacy. Most pacemakers are located in the upper chest, typically on the left side.
Any medication patches on the chest area should be removed before applying AED pads. These patches can block electrical current and may cause skin burns if left in place during a shock. After removing the patch, quickly wipe the skin clean before affixing the pads.
While small metal jewelry typically does not interfere, any large metallic objects that obstruct pad placement or are in the direct path of the electrical current should be moved or removed if feasible without delaying treatment. Proper pad placement is fundamental because it ensures the electrical current passes directly through the heart, maximizing the chances of successful defibrillation and a positive outcome.