An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device for sudden cardiac arrest, a condition where the heart stops beating effectively. AEDs analyze the heart’s electrical rhythm and, if necessary, deliver a shock to restore a normal heartbeat. Quick action and correct pad placement are crucial for survival. The device guides users with visual and audio prompts, making it accessible even to those with minimal training.
Understanding Standard Adult Placement
For adults, the standard method for placing AED pads is known as the anterolateral position. This involves positioning two pads on specific chest areas to create an effective pathway for the electrical current. One pad should be placed on the upper right side of the chest, just below the collarbone. This typically positions the pad above the right nipple.
The second pad is applied to the lower left chest, below the armpit, covering the heart area. This means the pad should be placed below the pectoral muscles, to the side of the torso. AED pads commonly feature diagrams illustrating precise placement, guiding correct application on bare skin.
The Importance of Correct Pad Positioning
Precise AED pad placement directly influences shock effectiveness. This anterolateral positioning ensures the electrical current travels directly through the heart muscle. By creating an optimal pathway, the AED maximizes the chances of successfully interrupting the heart’s irregular electrical activity.
Proper pad positioning reduces transthoracic impedance, the resistance the electrical current encounters as it passes through the chest. Lower impedance allows for more efficient shock delivery, necessary to reset the heart’s electrical rhythm. Incorrect placement can alter this pathway, reducing the shock’s efficacy and potentially leading to less favorable outcomes. Accurate placement also ensures the AED’s sensors can correctly analyze the heart’s rhythm before delivering a shock.
Placement Considerations for Specific Situations
Certain situations may require adjustments to standard AED pad placement for effectiveness and safety. If an individual has a pacemaker or other implanted cardiac device, pads should not be placed directly over it. Instead, position the pad at least 1 to 3 centimeters away, typically by shifting it slightly to the side or below.
For individuals with large breasts, the lower left chest pad should be placed underneath the breast tissue. This can be achieved by lifting the breast and applying the pad directly to the skin beneath.
If excessive body hair is present where pads are needed, it can prevent proper adhesion and reduce shock effectiveness. Many AED kits include a razor to quickly shave the area, or the pad can be pressed firmly for contact.
If the individual’s chest is wet, quickly dry the skin before applying the pads. Water can conduct electricity, potentially diverting the shock or hindering adhesion.