A cane provides a third point of contact with the ground, offering stability, improving balance, and reducing strain on an injured or weaker limb. For the cane to provide effective support, its size must be precisely matched to the user’s body. An improperly sized cane can lead to poor posture, unnecessary stress on the shoulders and wrists, and may increase the risk of a fall. The correct fit ensures the user can bear weight comfortably and move with a supported gait.
Determining the Correct Cane Height
The primary method for determining the correct cane height is a static measurement taken while standing upright. The handle of the cane should align with the crease of the wrist when the user stands with arms relaxed at the sides. A cane that is too short causes the user to stoop and compromise balance, while one that is too tall forces the shoulder up, leading to strain.
To perform this measurement accurately, the user must be wearing the shoes they typically use while walking. Heel height directly impacts the measurement, so the cane should be fitted to the effective height of the user during daily activity. A second person can assist by measuring the distance from the floor to the wrist crease to establish the ideal cane length.
Checking the Elbow Angle
After setting the cane’s height based on the wrist crease, a functional check is necessary to confirm the fit during use. When the hand is placed on the cane handle, the elbow should exhibit a slight bend, ideally between 15 and 20 degrees.
This subtle angle is biomechanically important because it allows the elbow to act as a natural shock absorber and provides the leverage needed to push down on the cane for weight transfer. An elbow that is completely straight suggests the cane is too tall, which can cause shoulder discomfort.
Conversely, an elbow bent at a much greater angle indicates a cane that is too short, forcing the user to lean over the device. Maintaining this small bend allows for optimal force transmission from the upper body through the cane to the ground.
Walking and Weight Bearing
Once the cane is sized, proper use centers on the principle of opposing support. The cane should always be held in the hand opposite the injured or weaker leg. This setup mimics the body’s natural gait pattern, where the arm swings opposite the leg.
The correct gait sequence involves moving the cane forward simultaneously with the weaker leg. This creates a wider base of support, allowing the user to transfer weight through the cane, relieving pressure on the painful limb. The stronger leg then steps past the weaker leg and the cane, completing the step. This coordinated movement ensures continuous stability and a more fluid walking rhythm.
For multi-point canes, such as quad canes, the weight-bearing principle remains the same. The four-pronged base should be positioned so the two feet closest to the user are aligned with the user’s body. This orientation ensures maximum stability and prevents the cane from rocking or becoming a tripping hazard.