The term “fundus” in anatomy refers to the part of a hollow organ that is furthest from its opening, a dome-shaped or rounded end. While this description applies to several organs, its most recognized context is within the female reproductive system: the uterine fundus. This area of the uterus plays a significant role in women’s health.
Anatomy of the Uterine Fundus
The uterine fundus is the uppermost, dome-shaped portion of the uterus, positioned superior to the fallopian tubes’ entry points. This muscular, pear-shaped organ resides in the female pelvis. The uterus is divided into three main parts: the fundus, the body (or corpus), and the cervix.
The body of the uterus is the large, central region that tapers downward from the fundus. Below the body, the cervix is a narrower, cylindrical lower part that extends into the vagina. The fundus’s muscular wall is continuous with the uterine body, allowing for its expansion during pregnancy.
Fundal Height as a Pregnancy Indicator
The uterine fundus is significant during pregnancy, as its position and size are used to estimate gestational age and monitor fetal growth. “Fundal height” is a common measurement taken by healthcare providers during prenatal examinations. This involves using a tape measure to determine the distance in centimeters from the pubic bone to the highest point of the uterine fundus.
Typically, after 20 weeks of gestation, fundal height in centimeters correlates roughly with weeks of pregnancy. For example, a measurement of 24 cm suggests a gestational age of around 24 weeks. Consistent measurements track the baby’s growth and can alert practitioners to issues like growth variations or amniotic fluid levels. Discrepancies might prompt further investigations, such as an ultrasound, for a more precise understanding of pregnancy progression.
Fundus in Other Body Systems
While the uterine fundus is a prominent example, the term “fundus” describes a similar anatomical feature in several other organs. The stomach, for example, has a fundus, a dome-shaped section at its top, extending above the esophagus connection. This region primarily stores gas and can also hold food.
The gallbladder also has a fundus, its rounded portion furthest from the cystic duct. Similarly, the fundus of the eye, also known as the fundus oculi, refers to the interior back surface of the eye. This area encompasses the retina, optic disc, and macula, and is routinely examined to assess ocular health.