The temporalis muscle is a key muscle of the head. It plays a vital role in jaw movement, and understanding it can offer insight into head and jaw discomfort.
Understanding Its Location
The temporalis muscle is a broad, fan-shaped muscle located on each side of the skull. It occupies the temporal fossa, a shallow depression on the side of the skull known as the temple. This muscle originates from the temporal plane, below the superior temporal line of the parietal bone, and from the deep surface of the temporal fascia.
Its fibers converge downwards, passing beneath the zygomatic arch (the bony arch forming the cheekbone) before inserting onto the coronoid process of the mandible, a pointed projection on the lower jawbone. You can feel this muscle contracting by placing your fingers on your temples and clenching your teeth.
Its Role in Jaw Movement
The temporalis muscle is a primary muscle for mastication, or chewing. Its main action is mandible elevation, closing the mouth and bringing teeth together. This action enables biting, chewing, and clenching.
Beyond elevation, it also contributes to jaw retraction, pulling the lower jaw backward. The anterior fibers are primarily responsible for elevation, while the posterior fibers contribute to retraction. These coordinated movements allow for efficient chewing and help stabilize the jaw during activities like speaking and swallowing.
Common Issues and Simple Care
The temporalis muscle can cause discomfort, often as headaches or jaw pain. Tension headaches, particularly in the temporal area, can be linked to inflammation or trigger points within this muscle. Jaw pain, frequently associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, can also stem from an overactive temporalis muscle.
Activities like teeth clenching or grinding (bruxism) can overwork the temporalis muscle, leading to pain and fatigue. Prolonged mouth opening, such as during dental procedures, or excessive gum chewing, can also contribute to muscle strain. Poor posture, specifically a forward head position, can place additional strain on the temporalis muscle, leading to increased tension.
Several self-care techniques can alleviate discomfort. Gentle massage of the temples, using fingertips in small circular motions, can relax the muscle and reduce tension. Applying a warm compress to the side of the head can improve blood circulation and ease muscle tension. Simple jaw stretches, like slowly opening the mouth wide, can also help. Reducing stress through relaxation techniques can minimize unconscious teeth clenching and its associated muscle tension.