The temporal artery, formally known as the superficial temporal artery, is a major blood vessel that traverses the side of the head. It is one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery, which carries oxygenated blood up from the neck. This artery supplies blood circulation to the side of the scalp and parts of the face. Assessing the pulse at this location offers insights into the body’s overall circulatory status and local vascular health.
Identifying the Palpation Site
Palpating the temporal artery targets the segment of the vessel where it becomes superficial and runs over the underlying bone. The most reliable site for locating this pulse is on the side of the head, directly in front of the ear. The artery crosses over the zygomatic arch (cheekbone) before dividing into its frontal and parietal branches. To pinpoint the exact location, find the tragus, the small cartilage projection immediately in front of the ear canal opening. The artery can be felt slightly above and anterior to this point, running superiorly toward the temple.
Proper Technique for Pulse Assessment
Assessing the temporal pulse requires a specific technique to ensure accuracy and avoid discomfort. The pads of the index and middle fingers should be used for palpation, as the thumb has its own strong pulse that can confuse the reading. The pads are gently placed over the identified artery location in front of the ear.
Pressure must be firm enough to compress the artery slightly against the underlying temporal bone, but not so hard that the blood flow is completely obstructed. The assessment involves noting the pulse rate, checking the rhythm for regularity, and evaluating the strength or amplitude of the pulse wave. For a complete comparison, the pulse should be assessed bilaterally to check for symmetry.
Clinical Significance of Temporal Artery Palpation
Medical professionals assess the temporal artery primarily to evaluate for signs of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis. This condition involves the inflammation of medium-to-large arteries, often those supplying the head. Physical examination of this specific artery is a key step in identifying this disease, which requires prompt treatment.
During palpation, an artery affected by GCA may feel hardened, thickened, or nodular, rather than soft and pliable. The pulse may be noticeably diminished or even absent, especially when compared to the pulse on the opposite side of the head. The area may also be tender to the touch, often accompanied by a new, persistent headache. Finding these characteristics guides further diagnostic testing.