The nasal bone is a small component of the facial skeleton, forming the bony framework that gives the nose its distinct shape. This structure is one of fourteen facial bones and helps support the soft tissues of the nose. The bone contributes significantly to the protection of the nasal cavity and the overall aesthetic profile of the face.
Defining the Precise Location
The nasal bone is located in the central-upper region of the face, situated superiorly to the main entrance of the nasal cavity. It is a paired structure, with two separate nasal bones, one on each side of the midline. These two bones come together at a central seam, known as the internasal suture, to form the upper third of the nose’s bridge.
Each individual bone is characterized by its small, oblong, or quadrilateral shape. The superior portion of the bone is thicker, providing a sturdy connection to the upper skull. The bone gradually thins as it extends downward to meet the cartilage that forms the lower part of the nose.
The external surface of the nasal bone is covered by soft tissues, including the skin and small facial muscles like the Procerus and Nasalis muscles. The internal surface, which faces the nasal cavity, is concave and features a groove that accommodates the anterior ethmoidal nerve.
Connections to Surrounding Facial Bones
The nasal bone functions as a structural anchor, articulating with four neighboring bones to integrate the nose into the larger skull structure. Superiorly, the nasal bones firmly connect with the frontal bone of the forehead, forming a joint called the frontonasal suture. This connection provides a stable base for the entire nasal structure.
Laterally, each nasal bone connects with the frontal process of the maxilla. This articulation forms the nasomaxillary suture, effectively setting the width and lateral boundary of the bony bridge. These lateral connections are essential for structural integrity, supporting the sides of the upper nose.
Medially, the two nasal bones connect with each other at the internasal suture, running down the center of the bridge. The inner surface of this midline also extends backward to articulate with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. This ethmoid connection helps form part of the nasal septum, the wall that divides the nasal cavity into two halves.
Role in Facial Structure and Common Injuries
The primary function of the nasal bone is to provide a rigid, protective roof for the nasal cavity beneath it. This bony shield safeguards delicate internal structures, including the nerves and blood vessels. It also provides a stable attachment point for the overlying skin and muscles, influencing the shape and definition of the upper face.
Because of its prominent and exposed position at the center of the face, the nasal bone is the most frequently fractured facial bone. Injuries commonly result from blunt trauma, such as those sustained during contact sports, physical altercations, or motor vehicle accidents.
Fractures can cause significant soft tissue swelling and often result in bleeding from the nose. A common consequence of a severe nasal fracture is a permanent deformity, which can disrupt the appearance of the nose and sometimes affect breathing. Medical intervention, such as a closed reduction to manually reset the bones, is often necessary to restore proper alignment and function.