The epigastric region is a specific anatomical area located in the upper central part of the abdomen. It is one of the nine regions used by medical professionals to precisely localize symptoms or internal structures within the abdominal cavity.
Locating the Epigastric Region
To locate the epigastric region on the body, one can identify a few common anatomical landmarks. Begin by finding the sternum, or breastbone, which is the flat bone in the center of the chest. The bottom tip of the sternum is called the xiphoid process.
From this point, the epigastric region extends downwards. It is situated just below the xiphoid process and above the navel. This area is essentially the central upper portion of the abdomen, nestled between the lower edges of the rib cage on either side.
Imagine a horizontal line drawn across the lowest part of your ribs; the area directly below this line and above your navel, in the midline, corresponds to the epigastric region. It is the central segment of the upper abdomen, flanked by the hypochondriac regions to its left and right.
Key Organs in the Epigastric Region
The epigastric region houses several organs that play roles in digestion and other bodily functions. The stomach, a muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus, is largely situated within this area, initiating the digestive process. Portions of the liver, which is involved in detoxification and metabolism, also extend into the right side of the epigastric region.
The pancreas, an organ responsible for producing digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin, lies behind the stomach and is also found here. The duodenum, which is the first section of the small intestine where much of the chemical digestion occurs, passes through this region as well. Additionally, parts of the spleen and adrenal glands can be found within the epigastric area.
Common Symptoms and Conditions
Discomfort in the epigastric region is common. Sensations like epigastric pain, a burning feeling, or general discomfort in the upper middle abdomen are frequently reported. This pain can be sharp or dull and may occur consistently or intermittently.
Heartburn, characterized by a burning sensation that often rises from the chest, is a common symptom that can be felt in this region, often linked to acid reflux. Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, frequently causes symptoms such as bloating, feeling overly full, or nausea. While these symptoms are common and often mild, persistent or severe pain in this region warrants medical attention to determine the underlying cause.