A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection affecting any part of your urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Bacteria, particularly E. coli, are the most frequent cause of UTIs. A UTI can present with various symptoms, including discomfort or pain in the back.
Understanding UTI-Related Back Pain
When a urinary tract infection causes back pain, it indicates that the infection has progressed from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys, a condition known as pyelonephritis. This pain is felt in the flank area, located on the sides of the lower back, just beneath the rib cage. It can occur on one side or both sides.
The pain associated with a kidney infection is a dull, continuous ache or throbbing sensation. It may intensify with physical movements like bending or lifting. The pain results from the kidney tissue swelling, which stretches the renal capsule, the kidney’s outer covering. This type of back pain is distinct from muscle strains and tends to be more diffuse and lingering.
Other Common UTI Symptoms
In addition to back pain, other symptoms accompany a urinary tract infection. Symptoms include a persistent and strong urge to urinate, even when the bladder is not full, and frequent urination where only small amounts of urine are passed. Many also experience a burning sensation or pain during urination, known as dysuria.
The urine itself might show signs of infection, appearing cloudy, having a strong, unpleasant odor, or even containing blood. If the infection has spread to the kidneys, systemic symptoms may emerge. These include fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting. Lower abdominal or pelvic pain is also a common complaint, particularly in women.
When to Seek Medical Help
Seek medical attention if you suspect a urinary tract infection, especially if you are experiencing back pain. Back pain associated with a UTI can signal that the infection has reached the kidneys, a serious condition requiring immediate treatment.
Urgent medical evaluation is warranted for symptoms including persistent or worsening back pain, a high fever, chills, and nausea or vomiting. Blood in the urine is another sign requiring prompt consultation with a healthcare provider. If UTI symptoms do not improve within a day or two, or if they intensify, seek professional medical advice to prevent complications.