The executioner wasp, scientifically known as Polistes carnifex, is a species of paper wasp. It is recognized for its considerable size and distinctive yellow and brown coloration. As a predatory insect, this wasp is known to hunt various other insects, particularly caterpillars, which serve as a protein source for its developing larvae. Adult wasps, however, primarily feed on nectar. It belongs to the Polistes genus, known for building paper-like nests.
Global Distribution
The executioner wasp is primarily found across Central and South America. This broad distribution extends from the southernmost parts of the United States, specifically Arizona and southern Texas, through Mexico and Central America. From there, its presence continues southward into various South American countries, reaching as far as Misiones Province in northern Argentina.
It has been recorded in:
Belize
Colombia
Costa Rica
Honduras
Panama
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Pará, and Paraná states)
Peru
Paraguay
While its main habitat is concentrated in these Central and South American regions, the wasp is occasionally observed in other North American areas where environmental conditions mimic its preferred warm and humid climates.
Specific Environmental Preferences
The executioner wasp prefers particular environmental conditions. These wasps are commonly found in coastal, humid, and open areas, indicating an adaptability to a variety of landscapes. They thrive in evergreen tropical forests and wooded habitats that typically do not experience heavy or continuous rainfall.
The wasp’s preferred habitats are characterized by warm and humid climates, which are conducive to the availability of both nesting materials and a consistent food supply. This species can also adapt to environments modified by human activity, frequently inhabiting urban and suburban areas, as well as agricultural and cultivated lands. Such diverse environments offer suitable locations for nest building and provide ample prey for their larvae, contributing to the wasp’s survival and reproduction.
Typical Nesting Locations
Polistes carnifex constructs its nests in specific, sheltered locations that provide protection from the elements and potential predators. Common nesting sites include areas under the eaves of buildings, offering a secure overhead cover. Nests are also frequently suspended from branches of trees or shrubs, utilizing natural foliage for concealment.
The wasps craft their nests from wood fibers, which they chew and mix with saliva to create a durable, plaster-like material. These nests are typically open-faced and hang, supported by a single central petiole, ensuring stability. Occasionally, nests may also be found within natural or artificial cavities in structures. Each colony is generally small and initiated by a solitary queen, who is responsible for establishing the initial nest structure.