Pus is a thick, often yellowish fluid that forms in the body as a natural part of its immune response to infection or inflammation. It consists of a collection of dead white blood cells, primarily neutrophils, along with dead bacteria, tissue debris, and a protein-rich fluid. The presence of pus indicates that the body is actively fighting off an invader, working to contain and eliminate harmful substances.
The Body’s Natural Clearance Mechanisms
The body possesses several mechanisms to handle pus if it is not manually drained. For smaller collections of pus, such as those found in minor infections or pustules, the body’s lymphatic system plays a significant role. This system, a network of vessels and nodes throughout the body, helps manage fluid levels and react to bacteria. Specialized white blood cells, called macrophages, gradually absorb and break down the pus, ultimately clearing the debris and waste products. These components are then transported through the lymphatic vessels and filtered by lymph nodes before being expelled from the body.
In some instances, pus collections may naturally rupture and drain to the surface of the skin. This commonly occurs with pimples or superficial abscesses, where the pus comes to a “head” and releases its contents externally. If the pus collection is internal, it might drain into internal cavities where the body’s natural waste removal systems can then process and clear it.
When Professional Care Is Needed
While the body can often resolve minor pus collections on its own, certain signs indicate that medical intervention is necessary. Increasing pain, redness, swelling, warmth around the affected area, or the pus collection growing larger are all indications for professional medical attention. The development of a fever, chills, or red streaks spreading from the site, known as lymphangitis, suggests the infection might be spreading and requires urgent assessment.
Larger or deeper collections of pus, often referred to as abscesses, typically cannot be fully absorbed or drained by the body’s natural processes. These require medical drainage, a procedure known as incision and drainage (I&D), where a healthcare provider makes a small cut to allow the pus to exit. In addition to drainage, a serious underlying infection might also necessitate antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria. Untreated abscesses can continue to grow, potentially spreading infection to surrounding tissues or even into the bloodstream, which can lead to serious conditions like sepsis.
Risks of Draining Pus Yourself
Attempting to drain pus at home, such as by squeezing or “popping” a lesion, carries several risks. Improper drainage can push bacteria deeper into the skin or surrounding tissues, potentially spreading the infection to new areas or creating larger, more problematic abscesses.
Aggressive or unsterile manipulation can also lead to increased scarring, tissue damage, or changes in skin pigmentation. Furthermore, self-draining often results in incomplete removal of the pus, leaving residual infection behind that can continue to fester. A home environment generally lacks the sterile conditions found in a clinical setting, increasing the risk of introducing new bacteria.