The term “waterbug” often brings to mind a household pest found scurrying in damp corners. This common perception, however, masks a significant biological distinction. “Waterbug” can refer to two very different groups of insects: true aquatic insects that live in water, and certain species of cockroaches that merely prefer moist environments. This article explores the distinct habitats and characteristics of both.
True Water Bugs: Aquatic Environments
True water bugs belong to the order Hemiptera, specifically the suborder Heteroptera. These aquatic insects spend their lives submerged in freshwater habitats like ponds, lakes, and slow-moving streams. They possess specialized adaptations to thrive in these environments.
Examples of true water bugs include giant water bugs (family Belostomatidae), water boatmen (family Corixidae), and backswimmers (family Notonectidae). Giant water bugs are known for their powerful forelegs used to grasp prey and snorkel-like breathing tubes at their hind end, which they extend to the water surface to breathe. Water boatmen use their long, oar-like hind legs for propulsion and carry a bubble of air for underwater respiration, while backswimmers use their paddle-like legs to swim upside down, trapping an air bubble for extended dives.
“Waterbugs”: The Cockroach Connection
The common use of “waterbug” often refers not to true aquatic insects, but to specific cockroach species. This misnomer arises because these cockroaches are frequently found in damp, dark places, leading to their association with water. The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and the Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis) are two species most commonly called “waterbugs.”
These cockroaches are terrestrial insects with a strong preference for humid environments. American cockroaches are often found in sewers, basements, crawl spaces, and steam tunnels, areas that provide warmth and moisture. Oriental cockroaches also prefer damp basements, drains, and sewers, and can tolerate cooler temperatures than many other cockroach species. They thrive in decaying organic matter found in these moist, subterranean locations.
Why “Waterbugs” Seek Indoor Spaces
Cockroaches venture into homes and buildings primarily in search of moisture, food, warmth, and shelter. Even a clean home can attract them if these basic needs are met. They are drawn to food residues, crumbs, and pet food.
Moisture is a significant attractant; leaky pipes, dripping faucets, and standing water in bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms create ideal conditions. Cockroaches can enter structures through small openings, including cracks in foundations, gaps around pipes, torn window screens, or drains and sewer lines. Basements, kitchens, and bathrooms are particularly susceptible due to their inherent moisture and potential food sources, offering preferred dark, undisturbed hiding spots.