Starlings are a widely recognized bird species, known for their iridescent plumage and adaptable nature. Introduced to North America in 1890, they have successfully established populations across much of the continent. Their ability to thrive in diverse environments, from urban centers to agricultural lands, contributes to their widespread presence. This adaptability extends to their nesting habits, allowing them to utilize a variety of sites for raising their young.
Common Nesting Locations
Starlings primarily nest in cavities, preferring enclosed spaces like old woodpecker holes or tree cavities. They also readily use crevices in utility poles.
Starlings frequently nest in human-made structures. They use spaces within buildings, including eaves, vents, and attics. Other locations include streetlights and traffic signal supports. Nests can be situated from 6 to 60 feet off the ground. Starlings are not deterred by human activity and will nest in gardens, parks, and farmland.
Nest Characteristics
A starling nest is typically a loose, untidy construction. It is primarily made of twigs, weeds, and grass, with leaves, bark, and pine needles also contributing to its structure.
Starlings often incorporate found items like feathers, cloth, string, and other debris. The male typically initiates nest construction, filling the cavity, and the female completes it. A slight depression is formed within the nest, lined with softer materials like fine bark, leaves, and feathers to create a cup for the eggs. This central depression can measure approximately 2.7 to 3.1 inches across and 1.9 to 3.1 inches deep.
Nesting Cycle and Behavior
The starling nesting season typically begins in March and extends through April. Males select a nesting site and begin building to attract a mate. Once a female chooses a male, she contributes to finishing the nest.
Starlings usually lay a clutch of 4 to 6 eggs, occasionally up to 7, which are typically greenish-white to bluish-white and unmarked. Eggs are laid one per day. Both parents incubate the eggs for 12 to 14 days.
After hatching, the young remain in the nest for 19 to 21 days before fledging. Starlings can raise one to two broods per year, with a second brood more common in southern regions. Both parents feed the nestlings until they are ready to leave the nest.