Jumping spiders (family Salticidae) are a diverse and widespread group of arachnids, known for their generally harmless nature to humans. With over 6,000 described species worldwide, they are the largest family of spiders and are frequently encountered across various environments. Unlike many other spiders, jumping spiders do not build webs to catch prey; instead, they actively hunt using their keen eyesight and remarkable jumping ability.
Geographical Distribution in the US
Jumping spiders are found across nearly all US states, showcasing their remarkable adaptability. This broad distribution includes warmer southern states, temperate northern regions, arid western areas, Hawaii, and Alaska. For instance, the genus Phidippus, which includes some of the largest and most common jumping spiders in North America, is distributed almost exclusively across the continent.
One well-known species, Phidippus audax, or the bold jumper, is prevalent from southeastern Canada down to Florida and westward to British Columbia and northern Mexico. Another large species, the regal jumper (Phidippus regius), is found across the southeastern U.S. and the Caribbean, being particularly abundant in Florida.
Specific Environments They Inhabit
Jumping spiders inhabit a wide array of environments, preferring open, sunny areas where their excellent vision and hunting strategies are most effective. They can be found in diverse natural settings such as grasslands, prairies, and open woodlands. Within forests, they often reside under leaves or on tree trunks, using vertical surfaces for climbing and hunting.
Even in desert regions, these spiders adapt by living on rocks or cacti, benefiting from the plentiful sunlight. Their strong legs and specialized claws allow them to climb various surfaces, suiting them for elevated, exposed locations. They are active predators during the day, especially in warmer temperatures.
Common Places to Find Them
Jumping spiders are often seen in gardens, on plants, fences, and other vegetation, where they hunt for small insects. The exterior walls of homes, windowsills, and porches are also common spots, as these areas often receive ample sunlight.
Occasionally, jumping spiders may enter homes, typically while seeking prey or by clinging to items brought indoors. Inside, they might be found near windows, light sources, or even hiding under furniture or in cracks, though they generally prefer to be outdoors. Their diurnal nature means they are most likely to be spotted during the warmer parts of the day, actively moving and hunting.