Inchworms are the larval stage of moths belonging to the large Geometridae family. These caterpillars are widely recognized for their distinctive looping movement, which results from the absence of prolegs in the middle of their bodies. Thousands of different species of these fascinating creatures exist across the globe, each contributing to various ecosystems.
Preferred Environments
Inchworms primarily reside on plants and trees, adapting to a variety of environments where their host plants thrive. They are commonly found in deciduous and coniferous forests, as well as in gardens, orchards, and shrublands. Their survival hinges on the availability of specific host plants, which provide both sustenance and camouflage.
These caterpillars feed on a wide array of foliage, including leaves from oak, maple, elm, and fruit trees such as apple and cherry. They also inhabit linden, sweetgum, and fir trees. Beyond trees, inchworms can be found on various garden vegetables like celery, cabbage, radishes, broccoli, lettuce, and tomatoes. Some species are highly selective, feeding on only one or a few plant types, while others are less particular, consuming a broad range of vegetation.
Global Presence
The Geometridae family is remarkably diverse, encompassing between 23,000 and 35,000 species worldwide. These moths and their larval forms are distributed across nearly every continent, with species found everywhere except Antarctica. While they are abundant in temperate and tropical regions, their presence is less common in arctic and subarctic areas.
A greater diversity of species is observed in tropical climates. For instance, North America alone is home to approximately 1,400 inchworm species, and Europe hosts around 1,000 species. Although the family is globally widespread, certain species are endemic, meaning they are native and restricted to specific geographic areas.
Habitat Throughout Their Life
Inchworms utilize their environment differently as they progress through their life cycle. The larval stage spends its time directly on host plants. Here, they feed on leaves, and sometimes on fruit, flowers, or buds, while also using the plant for protection. During this period, the caterpillars typically remain close to their food source.
Once the larval stage is complete, inchworms enter the pupation phase. They often descend from trees using silk threads and typically pupate in the soil or within leaf litter. Some species may also attach themselves to plant stems to form their protective cocoons. This pupation period can last anywhere from a few weeks to several months, depending on the specific species and the environmental conditions.
Finally, adult moths emerge, usually near the host plants. Female moths then lay their eggs on leaves, branches, or tree bark. Some female moths are flightless, while males are generally winged and more mobile.