Iguanas are a common sight across much of Florida, particularly in the southern half of the state, where their presence has become increasingly noticeable. These reptiles, known for their distinctive appearance and often large size, have successfully adapted to the state’s warm, subtropical environment. While they are now a fixed part of the Floridian landscape, their widespread distribution is a relatively recent development.
Florida’s Iguana Hotspots
Iguana populations are most concentrated in South Florida, especially along the Atlantic Coast. Counties such as Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Martin, and Monroe report the highest densities of these reptiles. Along the Gulf Coast, significant populations are found in Collier and Lee Counties. These regions provide the warm temperatures and lush vegetation that iguanas need to thrive.
While South Florida remains the primary stronghold for iguanas, their range has extended northward. Sightings have been reported in counties as far north as Alachua, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, and St. Lucie. Breeding populations are limited to the southern parts of the state where cold snaps are less frequent. The extensive network of canals and waterways in South Florida also facilitates their dispersal, allowing them to colonize new areas.
Preferred Habitats and Living Spaces
Iguanas in Florida exhibit a strong preference for urban and suburban environments, often congregating near human development. They are frequently found in residential neighborhoods, particularly in areas with abundant landscaping and access to water. Canal banks, burrows, culverts, and drainage pipes provide ideal shelter and nesting sites for these reptiles.
These animals are highly arboreal, spending much time in trees and shrubs, especially those with dense canopies. They also bask in open areas like sidewalks, docks, seawalls, and rock or debris piles to regulate their body temperature. Iguanas are also excellent swimmers, capable of tolerating both fresh and saltwater, and can submerge themselves for extended periods, aiding their movement through Florida’s waterways.
Their Arrival in Florida
Iguanas are not native to Florida; their presence is a direct result of human activity. The earliest reports of iguanas in the state date back to the 1960s, primarily in the Miami area. Their introduction was facilitated by the exotic pet trade. Many iguanas escaped captivity or were intentionally released by owners who found them difficult to manage.
Some iguanas may have arrived as stowaways on cargo ships, particularly those carrying fruit from Central or South America. Florida’s subtropical climate provided an ideal environment for these non-native reptiles to establish breeding populations. The lack of natural predators in the state further contributed to their rapid proliferation.